如何使用x-www-form-urlencoded正文发送帖子请求

时间：2016-11-13 14:24:31

标签： java

Request in postman

如何在java中，我可以使用x-www-form-urlencoded header发送请求。我不明白如何发送带有键值的正文，如上面的截图所示。

我试过这段代码：

String urlParameters =
  cafedra_name+ data_to_send;
URL url;
    HttpURLConnection connection = null;  
    try {
      //Create connection
      url = new URL(targetURL);
      connection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
      connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
      connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", 
           "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

      connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", "" + 
               Integer.toString(urlParameters.getBytes().length));
      connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Language", "en-US");  

      connection.setUseCaches (false);
      connection.setDoInput(true);
      connection.setDoOutput(true);

      //Send request
      DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream (
                  connection.getOutputStream ());
      wr.writeBytes (urlParameters);
      wr.flush ();
      wr.close ();

但是在回复中，我没有收到正确的数据。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：40)

将application/x-www-form-urlencoded设置为内容类型时，发送的数据必须与此格式相同。

String urlParameters  = "param1=data1&param2=data2&param3=data3";

现在发送部分非常简单。

byte[] postData = urlParameters.getBytes( StandardCharsets.UTF_8 );
int postDataLength = postData.length;
String request = "<Url here>";
URL url = new URL( request );
HttpURLConnection conn= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();           
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); 
conn.setRequestProperty("charset", "utf-8");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", Integer.toString(postDataLength ));
conn.setUseCaches(false);
try(DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream())) {
   wr.write( postData );
}

或者您可以创建一个通用方法来构建application/x-www-form-urlencoded所需的键值模式。

private String getDataString(HashMap<String, String> params) throws UnsupportedEncodingException{
    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
    boolean first = true;
    for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()){
        if (first)
            first = false;
        else
            result.append("&");    
        result.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), "UTF-8"));
        result.append("=");
        result.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
    }    
    return result.toString();
}

答案 1 :(得分：14)

对于HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED); MultiValueMap<String, String> map= new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, String>(); map.add("email", "first.last@example.com"); HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> request = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>>(map, headers); ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity( url, request , String.class ); ，以下答案有效

oDateTime              pvalue 
2017-06-01 00:00:00    70
2017-06-01 01:00:00    65
2017-06-01 02:00:00    90
ff.
2017-08-01 08:00:00    98

供参考： How to POST form data with Spring RestTemplate?

答案 2 :(得分：0)

❯ ruby -v
ruby 2.5.5p157 (2019-03-15 revision 67260) [-darwin20]
❯ bundle -v
Bundler version 1.17.3
❯ brew -v
Homebrew 2.7.5
Homebrew/homebrew-core (git revision e04a30; last commit 2021-01-20)
Homebrew/homebrew-cask (git revision d128de; last commit 2021-01-20)
❯ uname -a
Darwin Vaibhavs-MacBook-Pro.local 20.2.0 Darwin Kernel Version 20.2.0: Wed Dec  2 20:40:21 PST 2020; root:xnu-7195.60.75~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8101 arm64


❯ brew search v8
==> Formulae
v8 ✔                                                                 v8@3.15
==> Casks
amitv87-pip


❯ brew install v8@3.15
Updating Homebrew...
==> Auto-updated Homebrew!
Updated 2 taps (homebrew/core and homebrew/cask).
==> Updated Formulae
Updated 3 formulae.
==> Updated Casks
Updated 3 casks.

Error: v8@3.15: no bottle available!
You can try to install from source with:
  brew install --build-from-source v8@3.15
Please note building from source is unsupported. You will encounter build
failures with some formulae. If you experience any issues please create pull
requests instead of asking for help on Homebrew's GitHub, Twitter or any other
official channels.


❯ brew install --build-from-source v8@3.15
Updating Homebrew...
==> Auto-updated Homebrew!
Updated 1 tap (homebrew/cask).
==> Updated Casks
Updated 1 cask.

==> Cloning https://chromium.googlesource.com/external/gyp.git
Updating /Users/vaibhavgupta/Library/Caches/Homebrew/v8@3.15--gyp--git
==> Checking out revision f7bc250ccc4d619a1cf238db87e5979f89ff36d7
HEAD is now at f7bc250c Make gyp/win32 compatible with upstream ninja.
HEAD is now at f7bc250c Make gyp/win32 compatible with upstream ninja.
==> Downloading https://github.com/v8/v8-git-mirror/archive/3.15.11.18.tar.gz
Already downloaded: /Users/vaibhavgupta/Library/Caches/Homebrew/downloads/26ea05158c6c6ebb67cc42075858df9a986f9c615513933b1e62bb707f707854--v8-3.15.11.18.tar.gz
==> make native -j8 library=shared snapshot=on console=readline
Last 15 lines from /Users/vaibhavgupta/Library/Logs/Homebrew/v8@3.15/01.make:
Atomic32 Acquire_Load(volatile const Atomic32* ptr);
         ^
In file included from ../src/conversions.cc:32:
In file included from ../src/conversions-inl.h:42:
In file included from ../src/platform.h:100:
In file included from ../src/lazy-instance.h:94:
../src/once.h:115:7: error: no matching function for call to 'Acquire_Load'
  if (Acquire_Load(once) != ONCE_STATE_DONE) {
      ^~~~~~~~~~~~
../src/atomicops.h:125:10: note: candidate function not viable: no known conversion from 'v8::internal::OnceType *' (aka 'long *') to 'const volatile v8::internal::Atomic32 *' (aka 'const volatile int *') for 1st argument
Atomic32 Acquire_Load(volatile const Atomic32* ptr);
         ^
5 errors generated.
make[1]: *** [/private/tmp/v8-3.15-20210120-4211-1soh8ig/v8-3.15.11.18/out/native/obj.target/preparser_lib/src/conversions.o] Error 1
make: *** [native] Error 2

Do not report this issue to Homebrew/brew or Homebrew/core!


❯ brew install v8
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/v8-8.8.278.14.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz
Already downloaded: /Users/vaibhavgupta/Library/Caches/Homebrew/downloads/457adba5b4da5d7cb7d6d896218ebc5d8f1453782321e97a3df424f4a4e8a821--v8-8.8.278.14.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz
==> Pouring v8-8.8.278.14.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz
?  /opt/homebrew/Cellar/v8/8.8.278.14: 80 files, 39.9MB


❯ brew --prefix v8
/opt/homebrew/opt/v8


❯ gem install libv8 -v '3.16.14.19'
Fetching libv8-3.16.14.19.gem
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing libv8:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8
/Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.5/bin/ruby -I /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.5.0 -r ./siteconf20210120-6051-11xeqcl.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile
Applying /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/patches/disable-building-tests.patch
Applying /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/patches/disable-werror-on-osx.patch
Applying /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/patches/disable-xcode-debugging.patch
Applying /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/patches/do-not-imply-vfp3-and-armv7.patch
Applying /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/patches/do-not-use-MAP_NORESERVE-on-freebsd.patch
Applying /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/patches/do-not-use-vfp2.patch
Applying /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/patches/fPIC-for-static.patch
Compiling v8 for arm
Using python 2.7.16
Using compiler: c++ (clang version 12.0.0)
Unable to find a compiler officially supported by v8.
It is recommended to use GCC v4.4 or higher
Beginning compilation. This will take some time.
Building v8 with env CXX=c++ LINK=c++  /usr/bin/make arm.release vfp2=off vfp3=on hardfp=on ARFLAGS.target=crs werror=no
GYP_GENERATORS=make \
    build/gyp/gyp --generator-output="out" build/all.gyp \
                  -Ibuild/standalone.gypi --depth=. \
                  -Dv8_target_arch=arm \
                  -S.arm  -Dv8_enable_backtrace=1 -Dv8_can_use_vfp2_instructions=false -Dv8_can_use_vfp3_instructions=true -Darm_fpu=vfpv3 -Dwerror='' -Dv8_use_arm_eabi_hardfloat=true
  CXX(target) /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/vendor/v8/out/arm.release/obj.target/preparser_lib/src/allocation.o
clang: warning: include path for libstdc++ headers not found; pass '-stdlib=libc++' on the command line to use the libc++ standard library instead [-Wstdlibcxx-not-found]
In file included from ../src/allocation.cc:33:
../src/utils.h:33:10: fatal error: 'climits' file not found
#include <climits>
         ^~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
make[1]: *** [/Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/vendor/v8/out/arm.release/obj.target/preparser_lib/src/allocation.o] Error 1
make: *** [arm.release] Error 2
/Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/location.rb:36:in `block in verify_installation!': libv8 did not install properly, expected binary v8 archive '/Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/vendor/v8/out/arm.release/obj.target/tools/gyp/libv8_base.a'to exist, but it was not found (Libv8::Location::Vendor::ArchiveNotFound)
    from /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/location.rb:35:in `each'
    from /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/location.rb:35:in `verify_installation!'
    from /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/location.rb:26:in `install!'
    from extconf.rb:7:in `<main>'

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/extensions/-darwin-20/2.5.0/libv8-3.16.14.19/gem_make.out


❯ gem install libv8 -v '3.16.14.19' -- --with-system-v8
Building native extensions with: '--with-system-v8'
This could take a while...
Successfully installed libv8-3.16.14.19
Parsing documentation for libv8-3.16.14.19
Installing ri documentation for libv8-3.16.14.19
Done installing documentation for libv8 after 0 seconds
1 gem installed


❯ gem install therubyracer -v '0.12.3'
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing therubyracer:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/therubyracer-0.12.3/ext/v8
/Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.5/bin/ruby -I /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.5.0 -r ./siteconf20210120-6195-ojni3j.rb extconf.rb
checking for -lpthread... yes
checking for -lobjc... yes
checking for v8.h... no
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.5/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --with-pthreadlib
    --without-pthreadlib
    --with-objclib
    --without-objclib
    --enable-debug
    --disable-debug
    --with-v8-dir
    --without-v8-dir
    --with-v8-include
    --without-v8-include=${v8-dir}/include
    --with-v8-lib
    --without-v8-lib=${v8-dir}/lib
/Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/location.rb:50:in `configure': By using --with-system-v8, you have chosen to use the version  (Libv8::Location::System::NotFoundError)
of V8 found on your system and *not* the one that is bundled with
the libv8 rubygem.

However, your system version of v8 could not be located.

Please make sure your system version of v8 that is compatible
with 3.16.14.19 installed. You may need to use the
--with-v8-dir option if it is installed in a non-standard location
    from /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/lib/libv8.rb:7:in `configure_makefile'
    from extconf.rb:32:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/extensions/-darwin-20/2.5.0/therubyracer-0.12.3/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/therubyracer-0.12.3 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/extensions/-darwin-20/2.5.0/therubyracer-0.12.3/gem_make.out


❯ gem install therubyracer -v '0.12.3' -- --with-v8-dir=/opt/homebrew/opt/v8
Building native extensions with: '--with-v8-dir=/opt/homebrew/opt/v8'
This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing therubyracer:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/therubyracer-0.12.3/ext/v8
/Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.5/bin/ruby -I /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.5.0 -r ./siteconf20210120-6214-10f7ru2.rb extconf.rb --with-v8-dir\=/opt/homebrew/opt/v8
checking for -lpthread... yes
checking for -lobjc... yes
checking for v8.h... no
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.5/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --with-pthreadlib
    --without-pthreadlib
    --with-objclib
    --without-objclib
    --enable-debug
    --disable-debug
    --with-v8-dir
    --with-v8-include
    --without-v8-include=${v8-dir}/include
    --with-v8-lib
    --without-v8-lib=${v8-dir}/lib
/Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/location.rb:50:in `configure': By using --with-system-v8, you have chosen to use the version  (Libv8::Location::System::NotFoundError)
of V8 found on your system and *not* the one that is bundled with
the libv8 rubygem.

However, your system version of v8 could not be located.

Please make sure your system version of v8 that is compatible
with 3.16.14.19 installed. You may need to use the
--with-v8-dir option if it is installed in a non-standard location
    from /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/lib/libv8.rb:7:in `configure_makefile'
    from extconf.rb:32:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/extensions/-darwin-20/2.5.0/therubyracer-0.12.3/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/therubyracer-0.12.3 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/extensions/-darwin-20/2.5.0/therubyracer-0.12.3/gem_make.out


❯ gem install therubyracer -v '0.12.3' -- --with-v8-dir=/opt/homebrew/opt/v8/libexec/
Building native extensions with: '--with-v8-dir=/opt/homebrew/opt/v8/libexec/'
This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing therubyracer:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/therubyracer-0.12.3/ext/v8
/Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.5/bin/ruby -I /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.5.0 -r ./siteconf20210120-6235-1hlxxtd.rb extconf.rb --with-v8-dir\=/opt/homebrew/opt/v8/libexec/
checking for -lpthread... yes
checking for -lobjc... yes
checking for v8.h... no
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.5/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --with-pthreadlib
    --without-pthreadlib
    --with-objclib
    --without-objclib
    --enable-debug
    --disable-debug
    --with-v8-dir
    --with-v8-include
    --without-v8-include=${v8-dir}/include
    --with-v8-lib
    --without-v8-lib=${v8-dir}/lib
/Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/location.rb:50:in `configure': By using --with-system-v8, you have chosen to use the version  (Libv8::Location::System::NotFoundError)
of V8 found on your system and *not* the one that is bundled with
the libv8 rubygem.

However, your system version of v8 could not be located.

Please make sure your system version of v8 that is compatible
with 3.16.14.19 installed. You may need to use the
--with-v8-dir option if it is installed in a non-standard location
    from /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/lib/libv8.rb:7:in `configure_makefile'
    from extconf.rb:32:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/extensions/-darwin-20/2.5.0/therubyracer-0.12.3/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/gems/therubyracer-0.12.3 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/vaibhavgupta/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.5/extensions/-darwin-20/2.5.0/therubyracer-0.12.3/gem_make.out
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