什么是ruby中的`hash`?

时间:2016-11-09 10:40:59

标签: ruby hash

因为我忘记了一个赋值,所以在写它之前我会读取未定义的局部变量hash。惊喜:没有得到一个NameError,而是读取的值很好:它是一些FixNum,程序崩溃得很晚。

调查问题,我做了以下事情:

  • 打开irb
  • 键入hash并按Enter键
  • 惊喜!答案是-1831075300640432498(令人惊讶的是没有NameError,也没有42)

为什么?这是一个错误还是一个功能?我在这里读什么?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:8)

TL; DR - 它是Ruby hash对象的top-level值,相当于self.hash

这里有一点调试帮助:

irb(main):001:0> hash
#=> 3220857809431415791

irb(main):002:0> defined? hash
#=> "method"

irb(main):003:0> method(:hash)
#=> #<Method: Object(Kernel)#hash>

您现在可以在线查找Object#hash 1

http://ruby-doc.org/core-2.3.1/Object.html#method-i-hash

或者在IRB:

irb(main):004:0> help "Object#hash"
= Object#hash

(from ruby core)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  obj.hash    -> fixnum

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Generates a Fixnum hash value for this object.  This function must have the
property that a.eql?(b) implies a.hash == b.hash.

The hash value is used along with #eql? by the Hash class to determine if two
objects reference the same hash key.  Any hash value that exceeds the capacity
of a Fixnum will be truncated before being used.

The hash value for an object may not be identical across invocations or
implementations of Ruby.  If you need a stable identifier across Ruby
invocations and implementations you will need to generate one with a custom
method.


#=> nil
irb(main):005:0>

1 Object(Kernel)#hash实际上意味着在hash中定义了Kernel,但正如Object的文档中所述:

  

虽然Object的实例方法是由Kernel模块定义的,但为了清楚起见,我们选择在此处记录它们。