假设我们要定义一个简单的DSL来定义UI交互,我们可以在其中创建对象然后选择它们:
object TestCommand {
sealed trait EntityType
case object Project extends EntityType
case object Site extends EntityType
sealed trait TestCommand[A, E]
case class Create[A, E](entityType: EntityType, withEntity: E => A) extends TestCommand[A, E]
case class Select[A, E](entity: E, next: A) extends TestCommand[A, E]
}
我遇到的问题是我不想指定创建命令的返回类型(上面E
)。我想让这个决定由口译员决定。例如,E
可以是字符串,如果我们使用异步REST调用创建对象,则Future
。
如果我尝试使用liftF
以常规方式定义DSL,如下所示:
object TestDSL {
def create[E](entityType: EntityType): Free[TestCommand[?, E], E] =
Free.liftF(Create(entityType, identity: E => E): TestCommand[E, E])
def select[E](entity: E): Free[TestCommand[?, E], Unit] =
Free.liftF(Select[Unit, E](entity, ()))
}
我收到以下错误:
Error:(10, 10) no type parameters for method liftF: (value: S[A])scalaz.Free[S,A] exist so that it can be applied to arguments (dsl.TestCommand.TestCommand[E,E])
--- because ---
argument expression's type is not compatible with formal parameter type;
found : dsl.TestCommand.TestCommand[E,E]
required: ?S[?A]
Free.liftF(Create(entityType, identity: E => E): TestCommand[E, E])
我无法理解上面代码中出现了什么问题,但更重要的一个问题是,这是否是对自由monad中出现的类型进行抽象的正确方法。如果没有,什么是正确的(功能)方法?
修改:
在Haskell中,上述方法没有问题:
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveFunctor #-}
-- |
module TestDSL where
import Control.Monad.Free
data EntityType = Project | Site
data TestCommand e a = Create EntityType (e -> a) | Select e a
deriving Functor
-- | The DSL
create :: EntityType -> Free (TestCommand e) e
create et = liftF $ Create et id
select :: e -> Free (TestCommand e) ()
select e = liftF $ Select e ()
-- | A sample program:
test :: Free (TestCommand e) ()
test = do
p <- create Project
select p
_ <- create Site
return ()
-- | A trivial interpreter.
interpTestCommand :: TestCommand String a -> IO a
interpTestCommand (Create Project withEntity) = do
putStrLn $ "Creating a project"
return (withEntity "Project X")
interpTestCommand (Create Site withEntity) = do
putStrLn $ "Creating a site"
return (withEntity "Site 51")
interpTestCommand (Select e next) = do
putStrLn $ "Selecting " ++ e
return next
-- | Running the interpreter
runTest :: IO ()
runTest = foldFree interpTestCommand test
运行测试将产生以下输出:
λ> runTest
Creating a project
Selecting Project X
Creating a site
答案 0 :(得分:3)
现在你有test :: Free (TestCommand e) ()
。这意味着实体e
的类型可以是调用者想要的任何类型,但它在整个计算过程中都是固定的。
但那不对!在现实世界中,为响应Create
命令而创建的实体类型取决于命令本身:如果您创建了Project
,那么e
应为Project
;如果您创建了Site
,则e
应为Site
。因此e
不应修复整个计算(因为我可能想创建Project
s 和 Site
s),它不应该是由来电者选择e
。
这是一种解决方案,其中实体的类型取决于命令的值。
data Site = Site { {- ... -} }
data Project = Project { {- ... -} }
data EntityType e where
SiteTy :: EntityType Site
ProjectTy :: EntityType Project
这里的想法是EntityType e
上的模式匹配会告诉您e
是什么。在Create
命令中,我们将存储一个实体e
和一些GADT证据,其形式为EntityType e
,您可以将其模式匹配,以了解e
data CommandF r where
Create :: EntityType e -> (e -> r) -> CommandF r
Select :: EntityType e -> e -> r -> CommandF r
instance Functor CommandF where
fmap f (Create t next) = Create t (f . next)
fmap f (Select t e next) = Select t e (f next)
type Command = Free CommandF
create :: EntityType e -> Command e
create t = Free (Create t Pure)
select :: EntityType e -> e -> Command ()
select t e = Free (Select t e (Pure ()))
myComputation :: Command ()
myComputation = do
p <- create ProjectTy -- p :: Project
select ProjectTy p
s <- create SiteTy -- s :: Site
return ()
是的。
Create
当解释器到达EntityType
指令时,其作用是返回与包装EntityType
匹配的类型的实体。它必须检查e
才能知道-- assuming createSite :: IO Site and createProject :: IO Project
interp :: CommandF a -> IO a
interp (Create SiteTy next) = do
site <- createSite
putStrLn "created a site"
return (next site)
interp (Create ProjectTy next) = do
project <- createProject
putStrLn "created a project"
return (next project)
-- plus clauses for Select
是什么,并且行为恰当。
curl -u 'USERNAME' https://api.github.com/user/repos -d '{"name":"REPONAME"}'
我不知道这会如何完全转化为Scala,但这是Haskell中的主旨。