如何使用Entity Framework Core模拟异步存储库

Question

我正在尝试为调用异步存储库的类创建单元测试。我正在使用ASP.NET Core和Entity Framework Core。我的通用存储库看起来像这样。

public class EntityRepository<TEntity> : IEntityRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : class
{
    private readonly SaasDispatcherDbContext _dbContext;
    private readonly DbSet<TEntity> _dbSet;

    public EntityRepository(SaasDispatcherDbContext dbContext)
    {
        _dbContext = dbContext;
        _dbSet = dbContext.Set<TEntity>();
    }

    public virtual IQueryable<TEntity> GetAll()
    {
        return _dbSet;
    }

    public virtual async Task<TEntity> FindByIdAsync(int id)
    {
        return await _dbSet.FindAsync(id);
    }

    public virtual IQueryable<TEntity> FindBy(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate)
    {
        return _dbSet.Where(predicate);
    }

    public virtual void Add(TEntity entity)
    {
        _dbSet.Add(entity);
    }
    public virtual void Delete(TEntity entity)
    {
        _dbSet.Remove(entity);
    }

    public virtual void Update(TEntity entity)
    {
        _dbContext.Entry(entity).State = EntityState.Modified;
    }

    public virtual async Task SaveChangesAsync()
    {
        await _dbContext.SaveChangesAsync();
    }
}

然后我有一个服务类，它在存储库的实例上调用FindBy和FirstOrDefaultAsync：

    public async Task<Uri> GetCompanyProductURLAsync(Guid externalCompanyID, string productCode, Guid loginToken)
    {            
        CompanyProductUrl companyProductUrl = await _Repository.FindBy(u => u.Company.ExternalCompanyID == externalCompanyID && u.Product.Code == productCode.Trim()).FirstOrDefaultAsync();

        if (companyProductUrl == null)
        {
            return null;
        }

        var builder = new UriBuilder(companyProductUrl.Url);
        builder.Query = $"-s{loginToken.ToString()}";

        return builder.Uri;
    }

我正在尝试在下面的测试中模拟存储库调用：

    [Fact]
    public async Task GetCompanyProductURLAsync_ReturnsNullForInvalidCompanyProduct()
    {
        var companyProducts = Enumerable.Empty<CompanyProductUrl>().AsQueryable();

        var mockRepository = new Mock<IEntityRepository<CompanyProductUrl>>();
        mockRepository.Setup(r => r.FindBy(It.IsAny<Expression<Func<CompanyProductUrl, bool>>>())).Returns(companyProducts);

        var service = new CompanyProductService(mockRepository.Object);

        var result = await service.GetCompanyProductURLAsync(Guid.NewGuid(), "wot", Guid.NewGuid());

        Assert.Null(result);
    }

但是，当测试执行对存储库的调用时，我收到以下错误：

The provider for the source IQueryable doesn't implement IAsyncQueryProvider. Only providers that implement IEntityQueryProvider can be used for Entity Framework asynchronous operations.

如何正确模拟存储库以使其正常工作？

Answer 1

感谢@Nkosi指出我在EF 6中做同样事情的例子的链接：https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn314429.aspx。这与EF Core完全不同，但我能够从它开始并进行修改以使其正常工作。下面是我为“模拟”IAsyncQueryProvider而创建的测试类：

internal class TestAsyncQueryProvider<TEntity> : IAsyncQueryProvider
{
    private readonly IQueryProvider _inner;

    internal TestAsyncQueryProvider(IQueryProvider inner)
    {
        _inner = inner;
    }

    public IQueryable CreateQuery(Expression expression)
    {
        return new TestAsyncEnumerable<TEntity>(expression);
    }

    public IQueryable<TElement> CreateQuery<TElement>(Expression expression)
    {
        return new TestAsyncEnumerable<TElement>(expression);
    }

    public object Execute(Expression expression)
    {
        return _inner.Execute(expression);
    }

    public TResult Execute<TResult>(Expression expression)
    {
        return _inner.Execute<TResult>(expression);
    }

    public IAsyncEnumerable<TResult> ExecuteAsync<TResult>(Expression expression)
    {
        return new TestAsyncEnumerable<TResult>(expression);
    }

    public Task<TResult> ExecuteAsync<TResult>(Expression expression, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        return Task.FromResult(Execute<TResult>(expression));
    }
}

internal class TestAsyncEnumerable<T> : EnumerableQuery<T>, IAsyncEnumerable<T>, IQueryable<T>
{
    public TestAsyncEnumerable(IEnumerable<T> enumerable)
        : base(enumerable)
    { }

    public TestAsyncEnumerable(Expression expression)
        : base(expression)
    { }

    public IAsyncEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
    {
        return new TestAsyncEnumerator<T>(this.AsEnumerable().GetEnumerator());
    }

    IQueryProvider IQueryable.Provider
    {
        get { return new TestAsyncQueryProvider<T>(this); }
    }
}

internal class TestAsyncEnumerator<T> : IAsyncEnumerator<T>
{
    private readonly IEnumerator<T> _inner;

    public TestAsyncEnumerator(IEnumerator<T> inner)
    {
        _inner = inner;
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        _inner.Dispose();
    }

    public T Current
    {
        get
        {
            return _inner.Current;
        }
    }

    public Task<bool> MoveNext(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        return Task.FromResult(_inner.MoveNext());
    }
}

这是我使用这些类的更新测试用例：

[Fact]
public async Task GetCompanyProductURLAsync_ReturnsNullForInvalidCompanyProduct()
{
    var companyProducts = Enumerable.Empty<CompanyProductUrl>().AsQueryable();

    var mockSet = new Mock<DbSet<CompanyProductUrl>>();

    mockSet.As<IAsyncEnumerable<CompanyProductUrl>>()
        .Setup(m => m.GetEnumerator())
        .Returns(new TestAsyncEnumerator<CompanyProductUrl>(companyProducts.GetEnumerator()));

    mockSet.As<IQueryable<CompanyProductUrl>>()
        .Setup(m => m.Provider)
        .Returns(new TestAsyncQueryProvider<CompanyProductUrl>(companyProducts.Provider));

    mockSet.As<IQueryable<CompanyProductUrl>>().Setup(m => m.Expression).Returns(companyProducts.Expression);
    mockSet.As<IQueryable<CompanyProductUrl>>().Setup(m => m.ElementType).Returns(companyProducts.ElementType);
    mockSet.As<IQueryable<CompanyProductUrl>>().Setup(m => m.GetEnumerator()).Returns(() => companyProducts.GetEnumerator());

    var contextOptions = new DbContextOptions<SaasDispatcherDbContext>();
    var mockContext = new Mock<SaasDispatcherDbContext>(contextOptions);
    mockContext.Setup(c => c.Set<CompanyProductUrl>()).Returns(mockSet.Object);

    var entityRepository = new EntityRepository<CompanyProductUrl>(mockContext.Object);

    var service = new CompanyProductService(entityRepository);

    var result = await service.GetCompanyProductURLAsync(Guid.NewGuid(), "wot", Guid.NewGuid());

    Assert.Null(result);
}

非常感谢你的帮助！

Answer 2

尝试使用我的Moq / NSubstitute扩展MockQueryable：https://github.com/romantitov/MockQueryable 支持所有同步/异步操作

//1 - create a List<T> with test items
var users = new List<UserEntity>()
{
 new UserEntity,
 ...
};

//2 - build mock by extension
var mock = users.AsQueryable().BuildMock();

//3 - setup the mock as Queryable for Moq
_userRepository.Setup(x => x.GetQueryable()).Returns(mock.Object);

//3 - setup the mock as Queryable for NSubstitute
_userRepository.GetQueryable().Returns(mock);

也支持DbSet

//2 - build mock by extension
var mock = users.AsQueryable().BuildMockDbSet();

//3 - setup DbSet for Moq
var userRepository = new TestDbSetRepository(mock.Object);

//3 - setup DbSet for NSubstitute
var userRepository = new TestDbSetRepository(mock);

注意：

• 1.0.4 ver
也支持AutoMapper
• 从1.1.0版本支持DbQuery

Answer 3

更少的代码解决方案。使用内存中的db上下文，它应该为您启动所有集合的引导。您不再需要在上下文中模拟DbSet，但是如果您想从服务返回数据，则可以简单地返回内存上下文的实际设置数据。

DbContextOptions< SaasDispatcherDbContext > options = new DbContextOptionsBuilder< SaasDispatcherDbContext >()
  .UseInMemoryDatabase(Guid.NewGuid().ToString())
  .Options;

  _db = new SaasDispatcherDbContext(optionsBuilder: options);

Answer 4

以下是F＃公认答案的一部分，我只是为自己做的，并认为它可以节省某人的时间。我还更新了示例，以匹配更新的C＃8 IAsyncEnumarable API，并调整了Mock设置以使其通用。

    type TestAsyncEnumerator<'T> (inner : IEnumerator<'T> ) =     

        let inner : IEnumerator<'T> = inner

        interface IAsyncEnumerator<'T> with
            member this.Current with get() = inner.Current
            member this.MoveNextAsync () = ValueTask<bool>(Task.FromResult(inner.MoveNext()))
            member this.DisposeAsync () = ValueTask(Task.FromResult(inner.Dispose))

    type TestAsyncEnumerable<'T> =       
        inherit EnumerableQuery<'T>

        new (enumerable : IEnumerable<'T>) = 
            { inherit EnumerableQuery<'T> (enumerable) }
        new (expression : Expression) = 
            { inherit EnumerableQuery<'T> (expression) }

        interface IAsyncEnumerable<'T> with
            member this.GetAsyncEnumerator cancellationToken : IAsyncEnumerator<'T> =
                 new TestAsyncEnumerator<'T>(this.AsEnumerable().GetEnumerator())
                 :> IAsyncEnumerator<'T>

        interface IQueryable<'T> with
            member this.Provider with get() = new TestAsyncQueryProvider<'T>(this) :> IQueryProvider

    and 
        TestAsyncQueryProvider<'TEntity> 
        (inner : IQueryProvider) =       

        let inner : IQueryProvider = inner

        interface IAsyncQueryProvider with

            member this.Execute (expression : Expression) =
                inner.Execute expression

            member this.Execute<'TResult> (expression : Expression) =
                inner.Execute<'TResult> expression

            member this.ExecuteAsync<'TResult> ((expression : Expression), cancellationToken) =
                inner.Execute<'TResult> expression

            member this.CreateQuery (expression : Expression) =
                new TestAsyncEnumerable<'TEntity>(expression) :> IQueryable

            member this.CreateQuery<'TElement> (expression : Expression) =
                new TestAsyncEnumerable<'TElement>(expression) :> IQueryable<'TElement>


    let getQueryableMockDbSet<'T when 'T : not struct>
        (sourceList : 'T seq) : Mock<DbSet<'T>> =

        let queryable = sourceList.AsQueryable();

        let dbSet = new Mock<DbSet<'T>>()

        dbSet.As<IAsyncEnumerable<'T>>()
            .Setup(fun m -> m.GetAsyncEnumerator())
            .Returns(TestAsyncEnumerator<'T>(queryable.GetEnumerator())) |> ignore

        dbSet.As<IQueryable<'T>>()
            .SetupGet(fun m -> m.Provider)
            .Returns(TestAsyncQueryProvider<'T>(queryable.Provider)) |> ignore

        dbSet.As<IQueryable<'T>>().Setup(fun m -> m.Expression).Returns(queryable.Expression) |> ignore
        dbSet.As<IQueryable<'T>>().Setup(fun m -> m.ElementType).Returns(queryable.ElementType) |> ignore
        dbSet.As<IQueryable<'T>>().Setup(fun m -> m.GetEnumerator ()).Returns(queryable.GetEnumerator ()) |> ignore
        dbSet

Answer 5

我维护着两个开源项目，这些项目繁重地设置了模拟并实际上模拟了SaveChanges(Async)。

对于EF Core：https://github.com/huysentruitw/entity-framework-core-mock

对于EF6：https://github.com/huysentruitw/entity-framework-mock

两个项目都具有与Moq或NSubstitute集成的Nuget软件包。

Answer 6

一种更简单的方法是在其中一个核心层中编写您自己的 ToListAsync。您不需要任何具体的类实现。类似的东西：

    public static async Task<List<T>> ToListAsync<T>(this IQueryable<T> queryable)
    {
        if (queryable is EnumerableQuery)
        {
            return queryable.ToList();
        }

        return await QueryableExtensions.ToListAsync(queryable);
    }

这还有一个额外的好处，即您可以从应用程序的任何位置使用 ToListAsync，而无需一直拖动 EF 引用。

Answer 7

利用@Jed Veatch 接受的答案以及@Mandelbrotter 提供的评论，以下解决方案适用于 .NET Core 3.1 和 .NET 5。这将解决工作中出现的“参数表达式无效”异常在以后的 .NET 版本中使用上述代码。

TL;DR - 完整的 EnumerableExtensions.cs 代码为 here。

用法：

public static DbSet<T> GetQueryableAsyncMockDbSet<T>(List<T> sourceList) where T : class
{
    var mockAsyncDbSet = sourceList.ToAsyncDbSetMock<T>();
    var queryable = sourceList.AsQueryable();
    mockAsyncDbSet.As<IQueryable<T>>().Setup(m => m.GetEnumerator()).Returns(() => queryable.GetEnumerator());
    mockAsyncDbSet.Setup(d => d.Add(It.IsAny<T>())).Callback<T>((s) => sourceList.Add(s));
    return mockAsyncDbSet.Object;
}

然后，使用 Moq 和 Autofixture，您可以：

var myMockData = Fixture.CreateMany<MyMockEntity>();
MyDatabaseContext.SetupGet(x => x.MyDBSet).Returns(GetQueryableAsyncMockDbSet(myMockData));