我试图在c中实施列车结构。我有一个名为bogie的结构,另一个叫做链接转向架。我在如何在代码中引用这些结构的所有组件时遇到问题。 我的主要问题是:
- 我在进入转向架类型时遇到了段错误
- 为什么转向架28的尺寸? (char(1)+ array(20)+ int(4)= 25)
- 我想确认结构中是否有结构,当我创建外部结构的实例时,我需要为每个内部结构使用malloc吗?无论如何要做到这一点。
- 我的代码过于复杂吗?是否有更清晰的方式来写这个?
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct
{
char name;
char type[20];
int capacity;
}BOGIE;
struct LINKED_BOGIE
{
BOGIE* bogie_part_address;
struct LINKED_BOGIE* link;
};
typedef struct LINKED_BOGIE LINKED_BOGIE;
void print_train(LINKED_BOGIE* engine_address);
void add_bogie(LINKED_BOGIE* engine_address);
void add_bogie(LINKED_BOGIE* engine_address)
{
LINKED_BOGIE* traverse=engine_address;
LINKED_BOGIE* new_bogie_address=(LINKED_BOGIE*)malloc(sizeof(LINKED_BOGIE));
new_bogie_ad:dress->bogie_part_address=(BOGIE*) malloc(sizeof(BOGIE));
printf("Enter bogie name,type,capacity\n");
scanf("%c%s%d",&(new_bogie_address->bogie_part_address->name),(new_bogie_address->bogie_part_address)->type,&((new_bogie_address->bogie_part_address)->capacity));
do traverse=traverse->link;
while(traverse->link!=NULL);
traverse->link=new_bogie_address;
new_bogie_address->link=NULL;
print_train(engine_address);
}
void print_train(LINKED_BOGIE* engine_address)
{
LINKED_BOGIE* traverse=engine_address;
int count=0;
printf("This is the train\n");
printf("----------------------------------------\n");
do
{
printf("Bogie number:%d\n",count);
printf("Bogie name:%c\n",traverse->bogie_part_address->name);
printf("Bogie type:%s\n",traverse->bogie_part_address->type);
printf("Bogie capacity:%d\n",traverse->bogie_part_address->capacity);
printf("----------------------------------------\n");
}
while(traverse->link!=NULL);
}
int main()
{
printf("linked bogie size:%lu\n",sizeof(LINKED_BOGIE));
printf("bogie size:%lu\n",sizeof(BOGIE));
LINKED_BOGIE* engine_address=(LINKED_BOGIE*)malloc(sizeof(LINKED_BOGIE));
engine_address->bogie_part_address=(BOGIE*)malloc(sizeof(BOGIE));
engine_address->bogie_part_address->name='E';
strcpy(engine_address->bogie_part_address->type,"Engine");
engine_address->bogie_part_address->capacity=1;
engine_address->link=NULL;
// print_train(engine_address);
int choice=0;
do
{
printf("Pick what you want to do:\n\
1)View the train\n\
2)Add a bogie\n\
3)Insert a bogie\n\
4)Remove a bogie\n\
5)Sort train\n\
6)Swap bogies\n\
7)Exit\n");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch (choice)
{
case 1:print_train(engine_address);break;
case 2:add_bogie(engine_address);
}
}
while(choice!=7);
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:1)
迈克已经解释过,结构的大小是由填充引起的。在您的系统中,int使用4个字节,并在4的地址倍数上对齐。
你的mallocs是正确的,但是在以后移除一个boogie时你必须始终释放内部和外部结构。
但您的代码中存在小错误:
scanf("%c%s%d", ...)
将不执行您的预期:%c可能会读取上一行的结尾而不是第一个非空白字符。您应该使用%1s
,而不会忘记null的位置:
char name[2];
...
scanf("%1s%19s%d",name,(new_bogie_address->bogie_part_address)->type,
&((new_bogie_address->bogie_part_address)->capacity));
new_bogie_address->bogie_part_address->name = name[0];
do traverse=traverse->link;
while(traverse->link!=NULL);
也不起作用:当列车只包含一个布吉时,在测试任何东西之前将遍历设置为null。你应该这样做:
while(traverse->link!=NULL) {
traverse = traverse->link;
}
在`print_traint中,你忘了移动遍历。它应该是:
while(traverse != NULL)
{
....
traverse = traverse->link;
count += 1;
}
记住:
%c
很少使用,因为它甚至可以读取其他格式忽略的不可打印字符do {...} while(...);
如果使用的次数少于简单的while(...) {...}
,因为它至少会运行一次。