我正在尝试从现有变量创建新变量,如下所示:
a1+a2=a3, b1+b2=b3, ..., z1+z2=z3
这是一个示例数据框
df <- data.frame(replicate(10,sample(1:10)))
colnames(df) <- c("a1","a2","b1","b2","c1","c2","d1","d2","e1","e2")
这是我的重复代码解决方案
# a solution by base R
df$a3 <- df$a1 + df$a2
df$b3 <- df$b1 + df$b2
df$c3 <- df$c1 + df$c2
df$d3 <- df$d1 + df$d2
df$e3 <- df$e1 + df$e2
或者
# a solution by dplyr
library(dplyr)
df <- df %>%
mutate(a3 = a1+a2,
b3 = b1+b2,
c3 = c1+c2,
d3 = d1+d2,
e3 = e1+d2)
或者
# a solution by data.table
library(data.table)
DT <- data.table(df)
DT[,a3:=a1+a2][,b3:=b1+b2][,c3:=c1+c2][,d3:=d1+d2][,e3:=e1+e2]
实际上我有超过100个变量,所以我想找到一种方法来做到这一点而不重复代码......虽然我尝试使用mutate_与标准评估和正则表达式,但我迷路了因为我是新手在R.你可以改变多个变量而不重复代码吗?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
使用data.table
的可能解决方案:
DT <- data.table(df)[, rn := .I]
DTadd3 <- dcast(melt(DT, measure.vars = 1:10)[, `:=` (let = substr(variable,1,1), rn = 1:.N), variable
][, s3 := sum(value), .(let,rn)],
rn ~ paste0(let,3), value.var = 's3', mean)
DT[DTadd3, on = 'rn'][, rn := NULL][]
给出:
a1 a2 b1 b2 c1 c2 d1 d2 e1 e2 a3 b3 c3 d3 e3
1: 10 5 9 5 10 4 5 3 7 10 15 14 14 8 17
2: 2 6 6 8 3 8 7 1 4 7 8 14 11 8 11
3: 6 4 7 4 4 3 4 6 3 3 10 11 7 10 6
4: 1 2 4 2 9 9 3 7 10 4 3 6 18 10 14
5: 9 10 8 1 8 7 10 5 9 1 19 9 15 15 10
6: 8 8 10 6 2 5 2 4 2 6 16 16 7 6 8
7: 7 9 1 7 5 10 9 2 1 8 16 8 15 11 9
8: 5 1 2 9 7 2 1 8 5 5 6 11 9 9 10
9: 3 7 3 3 1 6 8 10 8 9 10 6 7 18 17
10: 4 3 5 10 6 1 6 9 6 2 7 15 7 15 8
使用dplyr
和tidyr
的类似解决方案:
df %>%
bind_cols(., df %>%
gather(var, val) %>%
group_by(var) %>%
mutate(let = substr(var,1,1), rn = 1:n()) %>%
group_by(let,rn) %>%
summarise(s3 = sum(val)) %>%
spread(let, s3) %>%
select(-rn)
)
然而,正如@Gregor所指出的,将数据转换为长格式要好得多。 @ {Gregor'的data.table
等同于答案:
DT <- data.table(df)
melt(DT[, rn := .I],
variable.name = 'let',
measure.vars = patterns('1$','2$'),
value.name = paste0('v',1:2)
)[, `:=` (let = letters[let], v3 = v1 + v2)][]
给出(前15行):
rn let v1 v2 v3
1: 1 a 10 5 15
2: 2 a 2 6 8
3: 3 a 6 4 10
4: 4 a 1 2 3
5: 5 a 9 10 19
6: 6 a 8 8 16
7: 7 a 7 9 16
8: 8 a 5 1 6
9: 9 a 3 7 10
10: 10 a 4 3 7
11: 1 b 9 5 14
12: 2 b 6 8 14
13: 3 b 7 4 11
14: 4 b 4 2 6
15: 5 b 8 1 9
答案 1 :(得分:2)
你的数据格式很难 - 我会像这样重塑数据。一般情况下,您不应该使用列名称对实际数据信息进行编码,如果a1
和a2
之间的差异有意义,最好使用带有字母a, b, c
的列以及编号为1, 2
。
df$id = 1:nrow(df)
library(tidyr)
library(dplyr)
tdf = gather(df, key = key, value = value, -id) %>%
separate(key, into = c("letter", "number"), sep = 1) %>%
mutate(number = paste0("V", number)) %>%
spread(key = number, value = value)
## now data is "tidy":
head(tdf)
# id letter V1 V2
# 1 1 a 2 7
# 2 1 b 10 4
# 3 1 c 9 10
# 4 1 d 9 4
# 5 1 e 5 8
# 6 2 a 9 8
## and the operation is simple:
tdf$V3 = tdf$V1 + tdf$V2
head(tdf)
# id letter V1 V2 V3
# 1 1 a 2 7 9
# 2 1 b 10 4 14
# 3 1 c 9 10 19
# 4 1 d 9 4 13
# 5 1 e 5 8 13
# 6 2 a 9 8 17
答案 2 :(得分:1)
我的data.table
解决方案:
sapply(c("a", "b", "c", "d", "e"), function(ll)
df[ , paste0(ll, 3) := get(paste0(ll, 1)) + get(paste0(ll, 2))])
df[]
# a1 a2 b1 b2 c1 c2 d1 d2 e1 e2 a3 b3 c3 d3 e3
# 1: 5 2 2 6 4 1 10 7 3 9 7 8 5 17 12
# 2: 4 8 7 3 3 7 9 6 9 7 12 10 10 15 16
# 3: 10 7 6 10 1 9 4 1 2 4 17 16 10 5 6
# 4: 3 4 1 7 6 4 7 4 7 5 7 8 10 11 12
# 5: 8 3 4 2 2 2 3 3 4 10 11 6 4 6 14
# 6: 6 6 5 1 8 10 1 10 5 3 12 6 18 11 8
# 7: 2 10 8 9 5 6 2 5 10 2 12 17 11 7 12
# 8: 1 1 10 8 9 5 6 9 6 8 2 18 14 15 14
# 9: 9 5 3 5 10 3 5 2 1 6 14 8 13 7 7
# 10: 7 9 9 4 7 8 8 8 8 1 16 13 15 16 9
或者,更可扩展:
sapply(c("a", "b", "c", "d", "e"), function(ll)
df[ , paste0(ll, 3) := Reduce(`+`, mget(paste0(ll, 1:2)))])
如果所有变量都符合以1
或2
结尾的模式,您可以尝试:
stems = unique(gsub("[0-9]", "", names(df)))
然后sapply(stems, ...)