我是编程Python的新手，主要是通过“以艰难的方式学习python”来学习。我最近写了一个脚本，可以帮助我计算我的工作员工的加班收入。该脚本有效，但它看起来不对我。我很想知道如何为自己节省一些步骤。我知道使用全局变量是禁忌，但我无法找到另一种方法来获得这些函数之外的答案。谢谢!!
# THIS SCRIPT WILL CALCULATE THE NUMBER OF PAID HOURS, OVERTIME HOURS, PIECE RATE HOURS AND OVERTIME HOURS OWED TO AN EMPLOYEE.
number_of_straight_hours_worked = False
number_of_overtime_hours_worked = False
employee_travel_time = False
days_worked = False
employee_earnings = False
employee_hourly_rate = False
employee_overtime_rate = False
#Function to determine number of straight hours worked.
def straight_hours():
global number_of_straight_hours_worked
number_of_straight_hours_worked = float(number_of_straight_hours_worked)
while number_of_straight_hours_worked == False:
number_of_straight_hours_worked = raw_input("How many straight hours did the employee work? ")
try:
int(number_of_straight_hours_worked)
except ValueError:
print("Must use a number")
number_of_straight_hours_worked = False
else:
print ("Thank you.")
#print number_of_straight_hours_worked
# Determines number of overtime hours.
def overtime_hours():
global number_of_overtime_hours_worked
number_of_overtime_hours_worked = float(number_of_overtime_hours_worked)
while number_of_overtime_hours_worked == False:
number_of_overtime_hours_worked = raw_input("How many overtime hours did the employee work? ")
try:
int(number_of_overtime_hours_worked)
except ValueError:
print("Must use a number")
number_of_overtime_hours_worked = False
else:
print ("Thank you.")
#print number_of_overtime_hours_worked
#Calcualtes the employee's overtime rate.
def employee_ot_calculation():
global employee_hourly_rate
global employee_overtime_rate
while employee_hourly_rate == False:
employee_hourly_rate = raw_input("What is the employee's hourly rate? ")
try:
float(employee_hourly_rate)
except ValueError:
print("Must use a number.")
#print employee_hourly_rate
else:
employee_overtime_rate = float(employee_hourly_rate) * 1.5
#Stores travel time hours
def travel_time():
global employee_travel_time
while employee_travel_time == False:
employee_travel_time = raw_input("How many hours of travel? ")
try:
int(employee_travel_time)
except ValueError:
print("Must use a number.")
employee_travel_time = False
else:
print ("Thank you.")
#print employee_travel_time
#Stores number of working days. Not used in version .001
def number_of_days_worked():
global days_worked
while days_worked == False:
days_worked = raw_input("How many days did the employee work? ")
days_worked = float(days_worked)
try:
int(days_worked)
except ValueError:
print("Must use a number.")
days_worked = False
else:
print ("Thank you.")
#Stores earnings made by piece work from employee.
def employee_piece_earnings():
global employee_earnings
while employee_earnings == False:
employee_earnings = raw_input("What did the employee earn through piece rate (format: 0.00)? ")
employee_earnings = float(employee_earnings)
try:
float(employee_earnings)
except ValueError:
print("Must use a number, no dollar sign.")
employee_earnings = False
else:
print ("Thank you.")
#print employee_earnings
# Calculates what the employee will earn this pay period between hours and piece work.
def overtime_piece():
total_hours_worked = float(number_of_straight_hours_worked) + float(number_of_overtime_hours_worked)
# print total_hours_worked
actual_working_hours = float(total_hours_worked) - float(employee_travel_time)
#print actual_working_hours
piece_overtime = float(actual_working_hours) - 40
#print piece_overtime
overtime_rate = float(employee_earnings / actual_working_hours)
#print overtime_rate
earned_straight_pay = float(number_of_straight_hours_worked) * float(employee_hourly_rate)
print "This employee earned $%.2f in straight pay: %.2f hours at $%.2f per hour" % (earned_straight_pay, number_of_straight_hours_worked, employee_hourly_rate)
earned_hourly_overtime = (float(total_hours_worked) - float(actual_working_hours)) * float(employee_overtime_rate)
print "This employee earned $%.2f in hourly overtime: %.2f hours at $%.2f per hour" % (earned_hourly_overtime, number_of_overtime_hours_worked, employee_overtime_rate)
earned_piece_overtime = float(overtime_rate) * float(piece_overtime)
print "This employee earned $%.2f in piece OT: %2f for each of working hour of the %.2f hours of overtime" % (earned_piece_overtime, overtime_rate, piece_overtime)
total_employee_earnings = float(earned_straight_pay) + float(earned_hourly_overtime) + float(earned_piece_overtime) + float(employee_earnings)
print "This employee earned a total of $%.2f this pay period." % total_employee_earnings
employee_ot_calculation()
straight_hours()
overtime_hours()
travel_time()
employee_piece_earnings()
overtime_piece()
答案 0 :(得分：1)
为避免使用全局变量，您要做的是使用函数参数并返回值。
让我们以您的第一个函数为例。 您可以在函数范围之外定义变量，并将其作为参数传递给两个括号。然后，您可以在函数内部方便地操作变量。您可以根据需要传递任意数量的参数。
number_of_straight_hours_worked = 1 # Define a variable outside of function
def straight_hours(number_of_straight_hours_worked): #Pass as argument
number_of_straight_hours_worked += 1 #Do whatever you want
函数straight_hours接受员工工作多少小时的输入。您要做的不是使用全局变量，而是返回值。
number_of_straight_hours_worked = "" # Define a variable outside of function
def straight_hours(number_of_straight_hours_worked): #Pass as argument
number_of_straight_hours_worked = input("How many hours?")
return number_of_straight_hours_worked
#Then retreive the value by doing
number_of_hours = straight_hours(number_of_straight_hours_worked)
如您所见，行number_of_hours = straight_hours()调用函数并影响返回number_of_hours变量的返回值。
NONE或根本不执行。将它们声明为False，其类型为布尔值然后将其转换为浮点数对我来说没有任何意义。