我想在 ASP.NET CORE 1 中实现依赖注入。我知道一切都与.Net Core中的DI有关。例如
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
// Add application services.
services.AddTransient<IDateTime, SystemDateTime>();
}
但对于拥有20多个实体和服务的Big项目,在 ConfigureServices 中编写所有这些代码行是如此困难和难以理解。我想知道这是否可能在Startup.cs之外实现依赖注入,然后将其添加到服务中。
感谢您的回答。
答案 0 :(得分:17)
你可以编写IServiceCollection的扩展方法,将很多服务注册封装到Startup.cs中的一行代码中
例如,这是我项目中的一个:
using cloudscribe.Core.Models;
using cloudscribe.Core.Models.Setup;
using cloudscribe.Core.Web;
using cloudscribe.Core.Web.Components;
using cloudscribe.Core.Web.Components.Editor;
using cloudscribe.Core.Web.Components.Messaging;
using cloudscribe.Core.Web.Navigation;
using cloudscribe.Web.Common.Razor;
using cloudscribe.Web.Navigation;
using cloudscribe.Web.Navigation.Caching;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Razor;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Extensions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.FileProviders;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using System.Reflection;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
namespace Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection
{
public static class StartupExtensions
{
public static IServiceCollection AddCloudscribeCore(this IServiceCollection services, IConfigurationRoot configuration)
{
services.TryAddSingleton<IHttpContextAccessor, HttpContextAccessor>();
services.Configure<MultiTenantOptions>(configuration.GetSection("MultiTenantOptions"));
services.Configure<SiteConfigOptions>(configuration.GetSection("SiteConfigOptions"));
services.Configure<UIOptions>(configuration.GetSection("UIOptions"));
services.Configure<CkeditorOptions>(configuration.GetSection("CkeditorOptions"));
services.Configure<CachingSiteResolverOptions>(configuration.GetSection("CachingSiteResolverOptions"));
services.AddMultitenancy<SiteContext, CachingSiteResolver>();
services.AddScoped<CacheHelper, CacheHelper>();
services.AddScoped<SiteManager, SiteManager>();
services.AddScoped<GeoDataManager, GeoDataManager>();
services.AddScoped<SystemInfoManager, SystemInfoManager>();
services.AddScoped<IpAddressTracker, IpAddressTracker>();
services.AddScoped<SiteDataProtector>();
services.AddCloudscribeCommmon();
services.AddScoped<ITimeZoneIdResolver, RequestTimeZoneIdResolver>();
services.AddCloudscribePagination();
services.AddScoped<IVersionProviderFactory, VersionProviderFactory>();
services.AddScoped<IVersionProvider, CloudscribeCoreVersionProvider>();
services.AddTransient<ISiteMessageEmailSender, SiteEmailMessageSender>();
services.AddTransient<ISmsSender, SiteSmsSender>();
services.AddSingleton<IThemeListBuilder, SiteThemeListBuilder>();
services.TryAddScoped<ViewRenderer, ViewRenderer>();
services.AddSingleton<IOptions<NavigationOptions>, SiteNavigationOptionsResolver>();
services.AddScoped<ITreeCacheKeyResolver, SiteNavigationCacheKeyResolver>();
services.AddScoped<INodeUrlPrefixProvider, FolderTenantNodeUrlPrefixProvider>();
services.AddCloudscribeNavigation(configuration);
services.AddCloudscribeIdentity();
return services;
}
}
}
在Startup.cs中我用一行代码调用该方法
services.AddCloudscribeCore(Configuration);
答案 1 :(得分:8)
有几种方法可以采取,但有些方法只是在类之间移动代码;我建议您考虑Assembly Scanning
,因为我将其描述为下面的第二个选项:
<强> 1。 “移动问题”:扩展方法
最初的选项是使用extension methods
来配置服务。
以下是将多个服务重新创建包装到一个扩展方法中的一个示例:
public static IServiceCollection AddCustomServices(this IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddScoped<IBrowserConfigService, BrowserConfigService>();
services.AddScoped<IManifestService, ManifestService>();
services.AddScoped<IRobotsService, RobotsService>();
services.AddScoped<ISitemapService, SitemapService>();
services.AddScoped<ISitemapPingerService, SitemapPingerService>();
// Add your own custom services here e.g.
// Singleton - Only one instance is ever created and returned.
services.AddSingleton<IExampleService, ExampleService>();
// Scoped - A new instance is created and returned for each request/response cycle.
services.AddScoped<IExampleService, ExampleService>();
// Transient - A new instance is created and returned each time.
services.AddTransient<IExampleService, ExampleService>();
return services;
}
这可以在ConfigureServices
:
services.AddCustomServices();
注意:对于特定配置(例如,当服务需要向其传递多个选项时),这对于“构建器模式”很有用,但是,不能解决问题必须通过手工编码注册多项服务;它与编写相同的代码但在不同的类文件中基本没什么不同,它仍然需要手动维护。
<强> 2。 '解决问题':组装扫描
“最佳做法”选项为Assembly Scanning,用于根据Implemented Interfaces
自动查找和注册组件。下面是一个Autofac示例:
var assembly= Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assembly)
.Where(t => t.Name.EndsWith("Repository"))
.AsImplementedInterfaces();
处理注册生命周期(或范围)的一个技巧是使用标记接口(空接口),例如IScopedService
,并使用它来扫描和注册具有适当生命周期的服务。这是注册多种服务的最低摩擦方法,这是自动的,因此“零维护”。
注意:内置的ASP.Net Core DI实现不支持Assembly Scanning
(如pf current,2016发布);但是,Github(和Nuget)上的Scrutor项目添加了此功能,将服务和类型注册压缩为:
var collection = new ServiceCollection();
collection.Scan(scan => scan
.FromAssemblyOf<ITransientService>()
.AddClasses(classes => classes.AssignableTo<ITransientService>())
.AsImplementedInterfaces()
.WithTransientLifetime()
.AddClasses(classes => classes.AssignableTo<IScopedService>())
.As<IScopedService>()
.WithScopedLifetime());
<强>概要强>:
Assembly Scanning
与Extension Methods
(如果适用)相结合将为您节省大量维护费用,并在应用程序启动时执行一次,然后进行缓存。它不需要手工编写服务注册。
答案 2 :(得分:3)
您可以为批量注册编写扩展方法:
public static void AddScopedFromAssembly(this IServiceCollection services, Assembly assembly)
{
var allServices = assembly.GetTypes().Where(p =>
p.GetTypeInfo().IsClass &&
!p.GetTypeInfo().IsAbstract);
foreach (var type in allServices)
{
var allInterfaces = type.GetInterfaces();
var mainInterfaces = allInterfaces.Except
(allInterfaces.SelectMany(t => t.GetInterfaces()));
foreach (var itype in mainInterfaces)
{
services.AddScoped(itype, type); // if you want you can pass lifetime as a parameter
}
}
}
用法:
services.AddScopedFromAssembly(assembly);
答案 3 :(得分:0)
我最近实现了Assembly扫描方法(成功),但最终发现cluster_registrations_in_a_few_extension_methods方法更加清晰,可供我自己和其他程序员阅读。 如果您将注册的集群保持在接近已注册类的定义位置,那么维护工作总是比注册类本身所涉及的维护工作少得多。
答案 4 :(得分:0)
将DependenciesManager
类添加到您的项目并实现AddApplicationRepositories
方法。
public static class DependenciesManager
{
public static void AddApplicationRepositories(this IServiceCollection service)
{
var assembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
var services = assembly.GetTypes().Where(type =>
type.GetTypeInfo().IsClass && type.Name.EndsWith("Repository") &&
!type.GetTypeInfo().IsAbstract);
foreach (var serviceType in services)
{
var allInterfaces = serviceType.GetInterfaces();
var mainInterfaces = allInterfaces.Except
(allInterfaces.SelectMany(t => t.GetInterfaces()));
foreach (var iServiceType in mainInterfaces)
{
service.AddScoped(iServiceType, serviceType);
}
}
}
}
在Startup
类中,以services.AddApplicationRepositories();
方法添加ConfigureServices
。
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddApplicationRepositories();
}
如果需要注册其他服务,只需在DependenciesManager
类中实现更多方法。例如,如果您需要注册一些授权处理程序服务,则只需实现AddAuthorizationHandlers
方法:
public static void AddAuthorizationHandlers(this IServiceCollection service)
{
var assembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
var services = assembly.GetTypes().Where(type =>
type.GetTypeInfo().IsClass && type.Name.EndsWith("Handler") &&
!type.GetTypeInfo().IsAbstract);
foreach (var serviceType in services)
{
var allInterfaces = serviceType.GetInterfaces();
var mainInterfaces = allInterfaces.Except
(allInterfaces.SelectMany(t => t.GetInterfaces()));
foreach (var iServiceType in mainInterfaces)
{
service.AddScoped(iServiceType, serviceType);
}
}
}
在Startup
类中添加:
services.AddAuthorizationHandlers();
注意:根据我的回答,要注册的服务及其实现的名称必须以“存储库”或“处理程序”结尾。