如何使函数接受多种类型?

时间:2016-10-20 04:37:09

标签: go

警告:去新手。我有这样的功能:

package main
import "flag"
import "fmt"

func print_out_type(x anything) string {
    switch v := x.(type) {
        case string:
             return "A string"
        case int32:
             return "An Integer"
        default:
             return "A default"
    }
}

func main() {
    wordPtr := flag.String("argument1", "foo", "a String")
    numPtr := flag.Int("argument2", 42, "an Integer")
    flag.Parse()
    fmt.Println("word: ", *wordPtr)
    fmt.Println("number: ", *numPtr)
}

我试图根据类型返回不同类型的字符串。我只是陷入了如何编写一个接受不同类型参数的函数的问题。任何帮助表示赞赏。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:14)

您可以使用接口类型作为参数,在这种情况下,您可以使用任何实现给定接口的类型调用该函数。在Go类型中,如果它们具有接口的方法,则自动实现任何接口。因此,如果要接受所有可能的类型,可以使用空接口(func print_out_type(x interface{}) string { switch v := x.(type) { case string: return "A string" case int32: return "An Integer" default: return "A default" } } ),因为所有类型都实现了这一点。不需要对您的功能进行其他修改。

func print_out_type(x interface{}) string {
    return reflect.TypeOf(x).String()
}

func main() {
    fmt.Println(print_out_type(42))
    fmt.Println(print_out_type("foo"))
}

您还可以使用反射包来研究接口变量的类型。例如:

public class StringToFormula
{
    private string[] _operators = { "-", "+", "/", "*","^"};
    private  Func<double, double, double>[] _operations = {
        (a1, a2) => a1 - a2,
        (a1, a2) => a1 + a2,
        (a1, a2) => a1 / a2,
        (a1, a2) => a1 * a2,
        (a1, a2) => Math.Pow(a1, a2)
    };

    public double Eval(string expression)
    {
        List<string> tokens = getTokens(expression);
        Stack<double> operandStack = new Stack<double>();
        Stack<string> operatorStack = new Stack<string>();
        int tokenIndex = 0;

        while (tokenIndex < tokens.Count) {
            string token = tokens[tokenIndex];
            if (token == "(") {
                string subExpr = getSubExpression(tokens, ref tokenIndex);
                operandStack.Push(Eval(subExpr));
                continue;
            }
            if (token == ")") {
                throw new ArgumentException("Mis-matched parentheses in expression");
            }
            //If this is an operator  
            if (Array.IndexOf(_operators, token) >= 0) {
                while (operatorStack.Count > 0 && Array.IndexOf(_operators, token) < Array.IndexOf(_operators, operatorStack.Peek())) {
                    string op = operatorStack.Pop();
                    double arg2 = operandStack.Pop();
                    double arg1 = operandStack.Pop();
                    operandStack.Push(_operations[Array.IndexOf(_operators, op)](arg1, arg2));
                }
                operatorStack.Push(token);
            } else {
                operandStack.Push(double.Parse(token));
            }
            tokenIndex += 1;
        }

        while (operatorStack.Count > 0) {
            string op = operatorStack.Pop();
            double arg2 = operandStack.Pop();
            double arg1 = operandStack.Pop();
            operandStack.Push(_operations[Array.IndexOf(_operators, op)](arg1, arg2));
        }
        return operandStack.Pop();
    }

    private string getSubExpression(List<string> tokens, ref int index)
    {
        StringBuilder subExpr = new StringBuilder();
        int parenlevels = 1;
        index += 1;
        while (index < tokens.Count && parenlevels > 0) {
            string token = tokens[index];
            if (tokens[index] == "(") {
                parenlevels += 1;
            }

            if (tokens[index] == ")") {
                parenlevels -= 1;
            }

            if (parenlevels > 0) {
                subExpr.Append(token);
            }

            index += 1;
        }

        if ((parenlevels > 0)) {
            throw new ArgumentException("Mis-matched parentheses in expression");
        }
        return subExpr.ToString();
    }

    private List<string> getTokens(string expression)
    {
        string operators = "()^*/+-";
        List<string> tokens = new List<string>();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        foreach (char c in expression.Replace(" ", string.Empty)) {
            if (operators.IndexOf(c) >= 0) {
                if ((sb.Length > 0)) {
                    tokens.Add(sb.ToString());
                    sb.Length = 0;
                }
                tokens.Add(c);
            } else {
                sb.Append(c);
            }
        }

        if ((sb.Length > 0)) {
            tokens.Add(sb.ToString());
        }
        return tokens;
    }
}

将打印

  

int

     

的字符串

答案 1 :(得分:-3)

  1. 首先,如果您使用的是类型断言,则需要检查此操作是否成功。 eg: value, ok := temp.(int)
  2. 其次,您可以使用interface{}类型变量作为函数的参数。在函数中,您可以使用类型断言来检查参数的实际类型并打印出来。