Question

我正在尝试理解子查询，我以为我理解了以前遇到的问题，但现在我想了解嵌套子查询，现在我比以前更加困惑。

我正在尝试制作这样的输出：

Model                                Year
---------------------------  ------------
Grand Caravan                        2010
Q70                                  2015

我试图找到这些的方式是通过以下描述：GPS，加热座椅和AWD。

目前我没有选择任何行。

我的陈述如下所示：

SELECT t1.MODELNAME AS Model, t2.VEHICLEYEAR AS Year
FROM TBLMODEL t1
FULL JOIN TBLVEHICLE t2 ON t1.MODELID = t2.MODELID
FULL JOIN TBLOPTIONDETAIL t3 ON t2.VEHICLEID = t3.VEHICLEID
FULL JOIN TBLOPTION t4 ON t3.OPTIONID = t4.OPTIONID
WHERE t4.OPTIONDESC IN
(
  SELECT OPTIONDESC
  FROM TBLOPTION
  WHERE OPTIONDESC = 'GPS' AND OPTIONDESC =
  (
    SELECT OPTIONDESC
    FROM TBLOPTION
    WHERE OPTIONDESC = 'Heated Seats'
  )
);

它对应的文件：

DROP TABLE  tblOptionDetail;
DROP TABLE  tblOption;
DROP TABLE  tblVehicle;
DROP TABLE  tblModel;
DROP TABLE  tblBrand;
DROP TABLE  tblManufacture;


CREATE TABLE tblManufacture
(
ManufactureID NUMBER(38) PRIMARY KEY,
ManufactureName CHAR(40)
);

CREATE TABLE tblBrand
(
BrandID NUMBER(38) PRIMARY KEY,
ManufactureID NUMBER(38),
BrandName CHAR(40),
FOREIGN KEY (ManufactureID) REFERENCES tblManufacture(ManufactureID)
);

CREATE TABLE tblModel
(
ModelID NUMBER(38) PRIMARY KEY,
BrandID NUMBER(38),
ModelName CHAR(40),
FOREIGN KEY (BrandID) REFERENCES tblBrand(BrandID)
);

CREATE TABLE tblVehicle
(
VehicleID NUMBER(38) PRIMARY KEY,
ModelID NUMBER(38),
VehicleYear NUMBER(38) CHECK (VehicleYear BETWEEN 1900 and 3000),
VehicleKM NUMBER(38) CHECK (VehicleKM BETWEEN 0 and 100000000),
VehiclePrice NUMBER(38) CONSTRAINT carprice CHECK (VehiclePrice BETWEEN 0 and 1000000),
FOREIGN KEY (ModelID) REFERENCES tblModel(ModelID)
);

CREATE TABLE tblOption
(
OptionID NUMBER(38) PRIMARY KEY,
OptionDesc CHAR(40)
);

CREATE TABLE tblOptionDetail
(
OptionID NUMBER(38),
VehicleID NUMBER(38),
PRIMARY KEY (OptionID, VehicleID),
FOREIGN KEY (OptionID) REFERENCES tblOption(OptionID),
FOREIGN KEY (VehicleID) REFERENCES tblVehicle(VehicleID)
);


-- populate the Manufacture table

INSERT ALL 
INTO tblManufacture (ManufactureID, ManufactureName) VALUES (1,'Chrysler Corp.')
INTO tblManufacture (ManufactureID, ManufactureName) VALUES(2,'General Motors')
INTO tblManufacture (ManufactureID, ManufactureName) VALUES(3,'Ford Motor Company')
INTO tblManufacture (ManufactureID, ManufactureName) VALUES(4,'Toyota')
INTO tblManufacture (ManufactureID, ManufactureName) VALUES (5,'Honda')
INTO tblManufacture (ManufactureID, ManufactureName) VALUES (6,'Nisan')
SELECT * FROM dual;

-- populate the Brand table

INSERT ALL
INTO tblBrand (BrandID, ManufactureID, BrandName) VALUES (1,1, 'Chrysler')
INTO tblBrand (BrandID, ManufactureID, BrandName) VALUES (2,1, 'Dodge')
INTO tblBrand (BrandID, ManufactureID, BrandName) VALUES (3,1, 'Jeep')
INTO tblBrand (BrandID, ManufactureID, BrandName) VALUES (4,2, 'Chevrolet')
INTO tblBrand (BrandID, ManufactureID, BrandName) VALUES (5,2, 'Buick')
INTO tblBrand (BrandID, ManufactureID, BrandName) VALUES (6,2, 'Cadillac')
INTO tblBrand (BrandID, ManufactureID, BrandName) VALUES (7,2, 'GMC')
INTO tblBrand (BrandID, ManufactureID, BrandName) VALUES (8,4, 'Toyota')
INTO tblBrand (BrandID, ManufactureID, BrandName) VALUES (9,6, 'Nissan')
INTO tblBrand (BrandID, ManufactureID, BrandName) VALUES (10,6,'Infiniti')
SELECT * FROM dual;

-- populate the Model table

INSERT ALL
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (1,1, '200')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (2,1, '200 Convertible')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (3,1, '300')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (4,1, 'Town'||' & '||'Country')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (5,2, 'Durango')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (6,2, 'Avenger')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (7,2, 'Challenger')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (8,2, 'Charger')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (9,2, 'Caliber')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (10,2, 'Grand Caravan')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (11,2, 'Journey')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (12,4, 'Sonic')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (13,4, 'Cruze')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (14,4, 'Orlando')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (15,4, 'Colorado')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (16,4, 'Malibu')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (17,8, '4Runner')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (18,8, 'Prius')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES  (19,8, 'Camry')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES  (20,8, 'Corolla')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (21,9,'Rogue SL')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES  (22,9, 'Versa Note')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES  (23,9, 'Pathfinder')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES  (24,9, 'Altima')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES (25,10, 'Q70')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES  (26,10, 'Q50')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES  (27,10, 'Q60')
INTO tblModel (ModelID, BrandID, ModelName) VALUES  (28,10, 'EX37')
SELECT * FROM dual;

-- populate Option table

INSERT ALL 
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (1,'Power locks')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (2,'Power windows')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (3,'Air conditioning')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (4,'Heated mirrors')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (5,'Remote keyless entry')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (6,'CD Player')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (7,'GPS')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (8,'In-dash DVD player')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (9,'Overhead DVD player')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (10,'Satellite radio')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (11,'MP3 player')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (12,'Antilock braking system')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (13,'Electronic stability system')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (14,'Traction control')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (15,'Cruise control')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (16,'Intelligent cruise control')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (17,'Parking assist system')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (18,'Xenon headlights')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (19,'Aluminum rims')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (20,'AWD')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (21,'Convertable')
INTO tblOption (OptionID,OptionDesc) VALUES (22,'Heated Seats')
SELECT * FROM dual;

-- populate Vehicle table

INSERT ALL
INTO tblVehicle (VehicleID,ModelID, VehicleYear, VehicleKM, VehiclePrice) VALUES (1,10, 2010, 45000, 18000)
INTO tblVehicle (VehicleID,ModelID, VehicleYear, VehicleKM, VehiclePrice) VALUES (2,10, 2010, 65420, 17500)
INTO tblVehicle (VehicleID,ModelID, VehicleYear, VehicleKM, VehiclePrice) VALUES (3,16, 2004, 143900, 3200)
INTO tblVehicle (VehicleID,ModelID, VehicleYear, VehicleKM, VehiclePrice) VALUES (4,11, 2010, 38900, 14500)
INTO tblVehicle (VehicleID,ModelID, VehicleYear, VehicleKM, VehiclePrice) VALUES (5,27,2014,17250,45999)
INTO tblVehicle (VehicleID,ModelID, VehicleYear, VehicleKM, VehiclePrice) VALUES (6,25,2015,2900,62300)
INTO tblVehicle (VehicleID,ModelID, VehicleYear, VehicleKM, VehiclePrice) VALUES (7,17,2010,87900,19800)
SELECT * FROM dual;

-- populate OptionDetail table

INSERT ALL
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (2, 2)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (1, 2)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (3, 2)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (5, 2)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (6, 2)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (7, 2)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (8, 2)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (11, 2)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (12, 2)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (14, 2)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (15, 2)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (19, 2)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (2, 1)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (1, 1)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (3, 1)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (6, 1)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (12, 1)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (14, 1)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (15, 1)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (19, 1)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (2, 3)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (1, 3)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (3, 3)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (6, 3)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (12, 3)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (14, 3)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (15, 3)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (19, 3)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (2, 4)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (1, 4)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (3, 4)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (6, 4)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (11, 4)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (12, 4)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (14, 4)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (15, 4)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (19, 4)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES  (4,5)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (8,5)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (1,5)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (2,5)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (5,5)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (21,6)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (22,6)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (3,6)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (1,6)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (2,6)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (1,7)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (4,7)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (5,7)
INTO tblOptionDetail (OptionID, VehicleID) VALUES (2,7)
SELECT * FROM dual;

COMMIT;

Answer 1

你的问题在于这句话

WHERE OPTIONDESC = 'GPS' AND OPTIONDESC =
  (
    SELECT OPTIONDESC
    FROM TBLOPTION
    WHERE OPTIONDESC = 'Heated Seats'
  )

这是检查OPTIONDESC是否等于2个不同的值...单个值永远不会是......就像问

WHERE 1 = 1 and 1 = 2

您可以在此使用OR，但不能使用AND

如果您尝试让所有模型都有两个选项，您可以使用GROUP BY with HAVING来计算DISTINCT选项。

SELECT  t1.MODELNAME AS Model,
        t2.VEHICLEYEAR AS Year
FROM    TBLMODEL t1
        JOIN TBLVEHICLE t2 ON t1.MODELID = t2.MODELID
        JOIN TBLOPTIONDETAIL t3 ON t2.VEHICLEID = t3.VEHICLEID
        JOIN TBLOPTION t4 ON t3.OPTIONID = t4.OPTIONID
WHERE   t4.OPTIONDESC IN ('GPS','Heated Seats')
GROUP BY t1.MODELNAME,
        t2.VEHICLEYEAR
HAVING  COUNT(DISTINCT t4.OPTIONDESC) = 2

Answer 2

JamieD77已经给你答案了。我只想添加一些详细说明，因为你说你不理解子查询，你的查询表明你是对的; - ）

... AND OPTIONDESC =
  (
    SELECT OPTIONDESC
    FROM TBLOPTION
    WHERE OPTIONDESC = 'Heated Seats'
  )

此处的子查询使用OPTIONDESC ='Heated Seats'选择TBLOPTION中的所有记录。

假设有一条这样的记录。然后你选择一个值为'Heated Seats'的行，因为你选择了OPTIONDESC，它是'Heated Seats'，你正在寻找的值。结果就变成了

... AND OPTIONDESC =
    'Heated Seats'

或者说，OPTIONDESC ='Heated Seats'没有记录。然后你得到

... AND OPTIONDESC =
    <nothing>

所以你的情况不对，你没有选择记录。

或者假设OPTIONDESC ='Heated Seats'有两个或更多记录。然后您的查询崩溃，因为DBMS无法将值与值数组进行比较。如果OPTIONDESC上有唯一约束，则不会发生这种情况。否则你宁愿使用

... AND OPTIONDESC IN (subquery)

而不是

... AND OPTIONDESC = (subquery)

如何理解嵌套子查询？

2 个答案: