Question

我正在尝试从Cloud Storage Bucket为我的django应用程序提供静态文件，但不知道确切的过程。有人可以建议一个正确的方法吗？

我做的步骤：

使用gsutil命令上传Google Cloud Storage Bucket（www.example.com）上的所有静态文件。
已编辑/etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf档案。

文件内容：

<VirtualHost *:443>
        ServerName example.com
        ServerAdmin admin@example.com

 #       Alias /static /opt/projects/example-google/example_static
        Alias /static https://storage.googleapis.com/www.example.com/static
        <Directory /opt/projects/example-google/example_static>
           Require all granted
        </Directory>

        <Directory /opt/projects/example-google/example/example>
            <Files wsgi.py>
                Require all granted
            </Files>
        </Directory>

        WSGIDaemonProcess example python-path=/opt/projects/example-google/example:/opt/projects/example-google/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages
        WSGIProcessGroup example
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
        WSGIScriptAlias / /opt/projects/example-google/example/example/wsgi.py

        SSLEngine on
        SSLCertificateFile  /etc/apache2/ssl/example.com.crt
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/example.com.key
        SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl/intermediate.crt
</VirtualHost>

Settings.py文件：

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# STATIC_URL = 'https://storage.googleapis.com/www.example.com/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '../example_static')

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '../example_media')
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'), MEDIA_ROOT,)

有关此任务所需的所有其他更改的任何建议吗？

谢谢，

Answer 1

主要参考文献：

必备步骤

转到GCP：云存储（GCS），然后单击CREATE BUCKET（根据需要填写）
创建后，如果您希望它像网站的CDN（存储静态文件（如CSS，图像，视频等）那样，您可以将其公开。
- 转到您新创建的存储桶
- 转到“权限”，然后单击“添加成员”
- 添加角色为“云存储-存储对象查看器”的新成员“ allUsers”
- 参考：https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/quickstart-console

方法1（更简便，更快速，但需要不断地将文件手动复制到GCS）

在settings.py中配置Django的静态文件设置

# Tell Django about the different locations to where the static files used by the project can be found
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'),
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "yourapp1", "templates"),
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "yourapp2", "static"),
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "watever"),
    "/home/me/Music/TaylorSwift/",
    "/home/me/Videos/notNsfw/",
]

# If the command "collectstatic" is invoked, tell Django where to place all the collected static
# files from all the directories included in STATICFILES_DIRS. Be aware that configuring it with a
# path outside your /home/me means that you need to have permissions to write to that folder later
# on when you invoke "collectstatic", so you might need to login as root first or run it as sudo.
STATIC_ROOT = "/var/www/mywebsite/"

# Tell Django the base url to access the static files. Think of this as the "prefix" of the URL
# to where your static files are. Note that if you browse through your bucket and happen to see a
# URL such as "https://storage.cloud.google.com/<your_bucket_name>/someFileYouHaveUploaded", such
# URL requires that whoever accesses it should be currently logged-in with their Google accounts. If
# you want your static files to be publicly accessible by anyone whether they are logged-in or not,
# use the link "https://storage.googleapis.com/<your_bucket_name>/someFileYouHaveUploaded" instead.
STATIC_URL = "https://storage.googleapis.com/<your_bucket_name>/"

# References:
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/deployment/
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/

如果您有访问其他静态文件的HTML文件或CSS文件，请确保它们使用此更新的STATIC_URL设置引用这些其他静态文件。

在您的home.html

{% load static %}
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'home/css/home.css' %}">

然后在home.css文件中

background-image: url("../assets/img/myHandsomeImage.jpg");

home.css链接现在将转换为：

https://storage.googleapis.com/[your_bucket_name]/home/css/home.css

myHandsomeImage.jpg是：

https://storage.googleapis.com/[your_bucket_name]/home/assets/img/myHandsomeImage.jpg

当然，如果愿意，您可以输入绝对路径（完整的URL），但是这样的配置始终需要您手动更新使用的URL，就像您切换到开发模式并只想访问静态文件一样本地而不是GCS。

在下面运行。这会将所有文件从STATICFILES_DIRS中的每个目录复制到STATIC_ROOT目录。

python3 manage.py collectstatic

# or if your STATIC_ROOT folder requires permissions to write to it then:
# sudo python3 manage.py collectstatic

转到STATIC_ROOT文件夹并将其内容上载到GCS。通过GCS GUI控制台或通过Google提供的工具“ gsutil”以及rsync手动上传它们
现在，您的GCS存储桶已经包含您的静态文件，并且您的Django项目已配置为通过配置的STATIC_URL直接访问这些文件。

方法2（更长，但以后不需要手动复制）

[可选步骤]准备python虚拟环境

python3 -m venv path/to/the/target/location/for/the/virtual/environment
source path/to/the/target/location/for/the/virtual/environment/bin/activate

安装必要的软件包，以便能够直接访问和存储到您的GCS

pip3 install django-storages # https://pypi.org/project/django-storages/
pip3 install google-cloud-storage # https://pypi.org/project/google-cloud-storage/

[如果您使用的是Google基础架构以外的计算机，则必须执行此步骤]转到GCP：IAM，服务帐户，然后点击创建服务帐户
- 名称：SomeName
- ID /电子邮件：某人名
- 角色：项目-所有者
- 创建密钥，选择JSON
- 存储下载的JSON文件。一旦我们开始访问并存储到GCS，此生成的json密钥将在以后用于身份验证目的
- 参考：https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/getting-started
在settings.py

STATICFILES_DIRS = ['same_values_as_in_method_1_above']
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.gcloud.GoogleCloudStorage'
GS_BUCKET_NAME = 'your_bucket_name'
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.gcloud.GoogleCloudStorage'
STATIC_URL = 'https://storage.googleapis.com/<your_bucket_name>/'
from google.oauth2 import service_account
GS_CREDENTIALS = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
    'path/to/the/downloaded/json/key/credentials.json' # see step 3
)

# There are 2 ways to authenticate, you could either do 1 of the following
# 1. Define the variable GS_CREDENTIALS in the settings.py (as done above), or just
# 2. write the command "export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS='path/to/credentials.json'" in the shell where you would run the "collectstatic" command

在下面运行。这会将STATICFILES_DIRS中每个目录中的所有文件直接复制到您的GCS存储桶中。这可能需要一段时间。

python3 manage.py collectstatic

现在，您的GCS存储桶已经包含您的静态文件，并且您的Django项目已配置为通过配置的STATIC_URL直接访问这些文件。

Answer 2

基本上你需要：

创建云存储桶并将其设置为公共可读。
收集静态文件本地
将文件复制到云端存储
设置STATIC_URL

检查步骤1-4 https://cloud.google.com/python/django/container-engine#deploy_the_app_to_container_engine

从Google Cloud Storage Bucket提供静态文件（适用于GCE上托管的Django App）

2 个答案: