使用MethodHandle查找最具体的重载方法

Question

假设我在给定类型（类/接口）中有三个方法：

public void foo(Integer integer);
public void foo(Number number);
public void foo(Object object);

使用MethodHandle或反射，我想找到一个对象的最具体的重载方法，该对象的类型仅在运行时已知。即我想在运行时做JLS 15.12。

例如，假设我在上述类型的方法中包含以下三种方法：

Object object = getLong(); // runtime type is Long *just an example*

MethodHandles.lookup()
             .bind(this, "foo", methodType(Void.class, object.getClass()))
             .invoke(object);

然后我在概念上会希望选择foo(Number number)，但上面会引发异常，因为API只会查找foo(Long)方法而不会查找其他内容。 请注意，此处Long的使用仅作为示例。对象的类型可以是实践中的任何东西; String，MyBar，Integer，...等等。

MethodHandle API中是否有一些东西在运行时自动执行与JLS 15.12之后的编译器相同的分辨率？

Answer 1

基本上我搜索了所有可以用一组参数执行的方法。所以，我按照parameterType和methodParameterType之间的距离对它们进行了排序。这样做，我可以获得最具体的重载方法。

测试：

@Test
public void test() throws Throwable {
    Object object = 1;

    Foo foo = new Foo();

    MethodExecutor.execute(foo, "foo", Void.class, object);
}

The Foo：

class Foo {
    public void foo(Integer integer) {
        System.out.println("integer");
    }

    public void foo(Number number) {
        System.out.println("number");
    }

    public void foo(Object object) {
        System.out.println("object");
    }
}

MethodExecutor：

public class MethodExecutor{
    private static final Map<Class<?>, Class<?>> equivalentTypeMap = new HashMap<>(18);
    static{
        equivalentTypeMap.put(boolean.class, Boolean.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(byte.class, Byte.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(char.class, Character.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(float.class, Float.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(int.class, Integer.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(long.class, Long.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(short.class, Short.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(double.class, Double.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(void.class, Void.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(Boolean.class, boolean.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(Byte.class, byte.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(Character.class, char.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(Float.class, float.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(Integer.class, int.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(Long.class, long.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(Short.class, short.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(Double.class, double.class);
        equivalentTypeMap.put(Void.class, void.class);
    }

    public static <T> T execute(Object instance, String methodName, Class<T> returnType, Object ...parameters) throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        List<Method> compatiblesMethods = getCompatiblesMethods(instance, methodName, returnType, parameters);
        Method mostSpecificOverloaded = getMostSpecificOverLoaded(compatiblesMethods, parameters);
        //noinspection unchecked
        return (T) mostSpecificOverloaded.invoke(instance, parameters);
    }

    private static List<Method> getCompatiblesMethods(Object instance, String methodName, Class<?> returnType, Object[] parameters) {
        Class<?> clazz = instance.getClass();
        Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();

        List<Method> compatiblesMethods = new ArrayList<>();

        outerFor:
        for(Method method : methods){
            if(!method.getName().equals(methodName)){
                continue;
            }

            Class<?> methodReturnType = method.getReturnType();
            if(!canBeCast(returnType, methodReturnType)){
                continue;
            }

            Class<?>[] methodParametersType = method.getParameterTypes();
            if(methodParametersType.length != parameters.length){
                continue;
            }

            for(int i = 0; i < methodParametersType.length; i++){
                if(!canBeCast(parameters[i].getClass(), methodParametersType[i])){
                    continue outerFor;
                }
            }

            compatiblesMethods.add(method);
        }

        if(compatiblesMethods.size() == 0){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot find method.");
        }

        return compatiblesMethods;
    }

    private static Method getMostSpecificOverLoaded(List<Method> compatiblesMethods, Object[] parameters) {
        Method mostSpecificOverloaded = compatiblesMethods.get(0);
        int lastMethodScore = calculateMethodScore(mostSpecificOverloaded, parameters);

        for(int i = 1; i < compatiblesMethods.size(); i++){
            Method method = compatiblesMethods.get(i);
            int currentMethodScore = calculateMethodScore(method, parameters);
            if(lastMethodScore > currentMethodScore){
                mostSpecificOverloaded = method;
                lastMethodScore = currentMethodScore;
            }
        }

        return mostSpecificOverloaded;
    }

    private static int calculateMethodScore(Method method, Object... parameters){
        int score = 0;

        Class<?>[] methodParametersType = method.getParameterTypes();
        for(int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++){
            Class<?> methodParameterType = methodParametersType[i];
            if(methodParameterType.isPrimitive()){
                methodParameterType = getEquivalentType(methodParameterType);
            }
            Class<?> parameterType = parameters[i].getClass();

            score += distanceBetweenClasses(parameterType, methodParameterType);
        }

        return score;
    }

    private static int distanceBetweenClasses(Class<?> clazz, Class<?> superClazz){
        return distanceFromObjectClass(clazz) - distanceFromObjectClass(superClazz);
    }

    private static int distanceFromObjectClass(Class<?> clazz){
        int distance = 0;
        while(!clazz.equals(Object.class)){
            distance++;
            clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
        }

        return distance;
    }

    private static boolean canBeCast(Class<?> fromClass, Class<?> toClass) {
        if (canBeRawCast(fromClass, toClass)) {
            return true;
        }

        Class<?> equivalentFromClass = getEquivalentType(fromClass);
        return equivalentFromClass != null && canBeRawCast(equivalentFromClass, toClass);
    }

    private static boolean canBeRawCast(Class<?> fromClass, Class<?> toClass) {
        return fromClass.equals(toClass) || !toClass.isPrimitive() && toClass.isAssignableFrom(fromClass);
    }

    private static Class<?> getEquivalentType(Class<?> type){
        return equivalentTypeMap.get(type);
    }
}

当然，可以通过一些重构和评论来改进它。

Answer 2

我找不到使用MethodHandle执行此操作的方法，但有一个有趣的java.beans.Statement根据Javadocs实现查找JLS最具体的方法：< / p>

  

execute方法找到一个名称与methodName属性相同的方法，并在目标上调用该方法。 当目标的类定义了许多具有给定名称的方法时，实现应该使用Java语言规范（15.11）中指定的算法选择最具体的方法。

要检索Method本身，我们可以使用反射来完成。这是一个有效的例子：

import java.beans.Statement;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class ExecuteMostSpecificExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExecuteMostSpecificExample e = new ExecuteMostSpecificExample();
        e.process();
    }

    public void process() throws Exception {
        Object object = getLong();
        Statement s = new Statement(this, "foo", new Object[] { object });

        Method findMethod = s.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("getMethod", Class.class,
                                                           String.class, Class[].class);
        findMethod.setAccessible(true);
        Method mostSpecificMethod = (Method) findMethod.invoke(null, this.getClass(),
                                              "foo", new Class[] { object.getClass() });

        mostSpecificMethod.invoke(this, object);
    }

    private Object getLong() {
        return new Long(3L);
    }

    public void foo(Integer integer) {
        System.out.println("Integer");
    }

    public void foo(Number number) {
        System.out.println("Number");
    }

    public void foo(Object object) {
        System.out.println("Object");

    }
}

Answer 3

您可以使用import pip pip.main(["install", "MyPackage"]) 来实现它。

MethodFinder.findMethod()

因为它在java根库中，所以它遵循JLS 15.12。

Answer 4

No, I haven't seen anything like that in MethodHandle API. Similar thing exists in commons-beanutils as MethodUtils#getMatchingAccessibleMethod so you don't have to implement that.

It will look something like this:

Object object = getLong();
Method method = MethodUtils.getMatchingAccessibleMethod(this.getClass(), "foo", object.getClass());

You can convert to MethodHandle API or just use the Method directly:

MethodHandle handle = MethodHandles.lookup().unreflect(method);
handle.invoke(this, object);

Answer 5

鉴于以下约束： a）参数的类型仅在运行时已知，而 b）只有一个参数，一个简单的解决方案可以只是走向类层次结构并扫描已实现的接口，如下例所示。

public class FindBestMethodMatch {

    public Method bestMatch(Object obj) throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {
        Class<?> superClss = obj.getClass();
        // First look for an exact match or a match in a superclass
        while(!superClss.getName().equals("java.lang.Object")) {
            try {
                return getClass().getMethod("foo", superClss);          
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                superClss = superClss.getSuperclass();
            }
        }
        // Next look for a match in an implemented interface
        for (Class<?> intrface : obj.getClass().getInterfaces()) {
            try {
                return getClass().getMethod("foo", intrface);
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { }           
        }
        // Last pick the method receiving Object as parameter if exists
        try {
            return getClass().getMethod("foo", Object.class);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { }

        throw new NoSuchMethodException("Method not found");
    }

    // Candidate methods

    public void foo(Map<String,String> map) { System.out.println("executed Map"); } 

    public void foo(Integer integer) { System.out.println("executed Integer"); } 

    public void foo(BigDecimal number) { System.out.println("executed BigDecimal"); }

    public void foo(Number number) { System.out.println("executed Number"); }

    public void foo(Object object) { System.out.println("executed Object"); }

    // Test if it works
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
        FindBestMethodMatch t = new FindBestMethodMatch();
        Object param = new Long(0);
        Method m = t.bestMatch(param);
        System.out.println("matched " + m.getParameterTypes()[0].getName());
        m.invoke(t, param);
        param = new HashMap<String,String>();
        m = t.bestMatch(param);
        m.invoke(t, param);
        System.out.println("matched " + m.getParameterTypes()[0].getName());
    }

}