如何使C ++ ADL查看模板的所有实例?

时间:2016-10-12 21:21:18

标签: c++ c++11 c++14 template-meta-programming constexpr

我正在关注How to implement a constant-expression counter in C++教程而我正试图解决C++14 Reflections Without Macros, Markup nor External Tooling..谈话限制。

本教程的基本思想是:

template<int N>
struct flag {
  friend constexpr int adl_flag (flag<N>);
};

template<int N>
struct writer {
   friend constexpr int adl_flag (flag<N>) { return N; }
   static constexpr int value = N;
};

template<int N, class = char[noexcept(adl_flag(flag<N> ()))?+1:-1]>
int constexpr reader (int, flag<N>) { return N; }

template<int N>
int constexpr reader (float, flag<N>, int R = reader (0, flag<N-1>())) { return R; }

int constexpr reader (float, flag<0>) { return 0; }

template<int N = 1, int C = reader (0, flag<32> ())>
int constexpr next (int R = writer<C + N>::value) { return R; }

int main () {
  constexpr int a = next ();
  constexpr int b = next ();
  constexpr int c = next ();

  // YES! it works!!!
  static_assert (a == 1 && b == a+1 && c == b+1, "try again");
}

注意:如果你现在不感兴趣,现在是停止阅读的好时机: - )

该演讲解释了如何使用聚合初始化和隐式转换运算符提取POD类型的字段数和字段类型,但主要限制是仅支持基本类型。

我提供了上述背景来证明我的动机是正确的!

当我将这两种方法结合起来时,我就来了:

template<int N>
struct flag {
  friend constexpr int adl_flag (flag<N>);
};

template<typename T, int N>
struct writer {
  friend constexpr int adl_flag (flag<N>) {
    return N;
  }
  friend constexpr T field_type(flag<N>) { return T{}; }
  static constexpr int value = N;
};

field_type(flag<N>)将为我提供N字段的类型。 请注意,它是友元函数,对于N类型的POD字段,编译器将只定义一个field_type(flag<N>)

g++no matching function for call to 'field_type(flag<1>)提供了decltype(field_type(flag<1>))

我需要以某种方式强制ADL搜索writer<T,N>的所有实例。 我怎么能这样做?

更新

As @ T.C.lied ADL只查看关联的类,而writer不是一个。 (这就是为adl_flag声明flag的原因 - 以便ADL可以找到它。)

整个问题是如何在不知道writer值的情况下使T成为关联类,以便ADL可以找到它?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

field_type声明添加到标记模板,返回类型为auto(仅在C ++ 14之后可用)

仅适用于gcc 4.9:

#include <type_traits>

template<int N>
struct flag {
    friend constexpr int adl_flag (flag<N>);
    friend constexpr auto field_type(flag<N>);
};

template<typename T, int N>
struct writer {
    friend constexpr int adl_flag (flag<N>) { return N; }
    friend constexpr auto field_type(flag<N>) { return (T&&)(*(T*)0); }  // remove default constructable restriction
    static constexpr int value = N;
};

template<int N, class = char[noexcept(adl_flag(flag<N> ()))?+1:-1]>
int constexpr reader (int, flag<N>) { return N; }

template<int N>
int constexpr reader (float, flag<N>, int R = reader (0, flag<N-1>())) { return R; }

int constexpr reader (float, flag<0>) { return 0; }

template<typename T, int N = 1, int C = reader (0, flag<32> ())>
int constexpr next (int R = writer<T, C + N>::value) { return R; }

int main () {
    constexpr int a = next<int> ();
    constexpr int b = next<double> ();
    constexpr int c = next<long> ();

    // YES! it works!!!
    static_assert (a == 1 && b == a+1 && c == b+1, "try again");
    static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(field_type(flag<1>{})), int>{}, "first is int");
    static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(field_type(flag<2>{})), double>{}, "second is double");
    static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(field_type(flag<3>{})), long>{}, "third is long");

}

使用auto函数的decltype而不是noexcept,在gcc 5.2之后工作,clang 3.5.1 - 3.7.1:

#include <type_traits>

template <int N>
struct flag {
    constexpr friend auto adl_flag(flag<N>);
    friend auto field_type(flag<N>);
};

template<typename T, int N>
struct writer {
    friend constexpr auto adl_flag(flag<N>) { return 0; }
    friend auto field_type(flag<N>) { return (T&&)(*(T*)0); }
    static constexpr int value = N;
};

template<int N, class = decltype(adl_flag(flag<N>{}))>
int constexpr reader (int, flag<N>) { return N; }

template<int N>
int constexpr reader (float, flag<N>, int R = reader (0, flag<N-1>())) { return R; }

int constexpr reader (float, flag<0>) { return 0; }

template<typename T, int N = 1, int C = reader (0, flag<32> ())>
int constexpr next (int R = writer<T, C + N>::value) { return R; }

int main () {
    constexpr int a = next<int> ();
    constexpr int b = next<double> ();
    constexpr int c = next<long> ();

    // YES! it works!!!
    static_assert (a == 1 && b == a+1 && c == b+1, "try again");
    static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(field_type(flag<1>{})), int>{}, "first is int");
    static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(field_type(flag<2>{})), double>{}, "second is double");
    static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(field_type(flag<3>{})), long>{}, "third is long");

}