我对R（以及本网站）很新，我遇到了一个简单的问题，但我还没有找到解决方案。 我研究的数据集包含在几个日期水柱内CTD测量的潜在密度值。我想在数据框中按日期对这些度量进行分组。
我在开始时拥有的内容：
ctd<-read.csv("data/ptb_ctd.csv", sep=";", stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
julian <- as.numeric(as.Date(ctd$date, format= "%d/%m/%Y")) + 17280
ctd$julian <- julian
初始“ctd”数据框的示例（在添加如上所示的julian天之后）：
id station date ... pot_density julian
B12171_01.cnv B+ 19/06/2012 ... 28.73863 32790
现在我想获取“pot_density”值（每个日期有几个，即数据框中的“日期”和“julian”相同）并将它们存储在新的数据框中，因此julian天成为行和列由当天/行的每一个“pot_density”测量值组成。
dens<-data.frame()
dens<-aggregate(pot_density ~ julian, data=ctd, FUN=paste)
现在我已进入“窝点”数据框：
julian pot_density
27548 c("28.4698015312665", "28.4704581365093", "28.4706453687...)
... ...
我现在想要将每个行的“pot_density”值取消为n列，这就是我被困住的地方。我需要能够在每个采样日期应用检测pycnocline的函数，并绘制密度线的年际变化...
我尝试了几个功能：
dens <- str_split_fixed(dens, pattern=",", n=Inf)
dens<-split(dens$pot_density, julian)
dens<-spread(dens, key="julian", value="pot_density", convert=FALSE, fill=NA)
dens<-lapply(dens$pot_dens, FUN=spread)
dens<-reshape(dens,varying=NULL, v.names = pot_density,timevar=julian)
请注意事先装入所需的包装;我在论坛上搜索了一个类似的问题，但是找不到任何相关的主题（或者无法理解它与我自己的问题类似，再次我是R的新手并且在编码方面一般都不是很熟练）。
我是否遗漏了任何可以完全按照我要做的功能？我没有正确输入上述函数的参数吗？
> dput(dens[1:10,])
structure(list(julian = c(27548, 27555, 27562, 27569, 27576,
27583, 27588, 27590, 27597, 27604), pot_density = structure(list(
`001` = c(28.4698015312665, 28.4704581365093, 28.4706453687199,
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28.5533640823294, 28.5582304504621, 28.5648169441483, 28.5671395744164,
28.571040867585, 28.5720307990048, 28.5730846721842, 28.5731506190491,
28.5733928400798, 28.5735014186948, 28.5738559767499, 28.5739219342504,
28.5741854787987, 28.5745478175427, 28.5744588241025, 28.5750962296399,
28.5750072409194, 28.5748969428948, 28.5750190860188, 28.5749301053486,
28.5746357757441, 28.5746455924802, 28.574740658428, 28.5748841268116,
28.5752678021668, 28.5764069409072, 28.5772283918006, 28.57884014518,
28.5785536068131, 28.5781256673738, 28.5789044970138, 28.5789356375162,
28.5783178803397, 28.5787015620915, 28.5810338413594, 28.582194225733,
28.5817101405053, 28.582157724943)), .Names = c("001", "002",
"003", "004", "005", "006", "007", "008", "009", "010"))), .Names = c("julian",
"pot_density"), row.names = c(NA, 10L), class = "data.frame")
无法执行dput(dens[1:100,])，因为不幸的是控制台不会包含它。
提前多多感谢！
答案 0 :(得分：3)
使用dplyr
可以通过每个日期/朱利安的第一次分组来执行一列到多列分割， 用逗号分割，取消列出并转换为data.frame row
DF=data.frame(julian=27548,pot_density=paste(c(28.4698015312665,28.4704581365093,28.4706453687),collapse=","),stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
DF
# julian pot_density
#1 27548 28.4698015312665,28.4704581365093,28.4706453687
newDF=DF %>%
dplyr::group_by(julian) %>%
dplyr::do(.,data.frame(matrix(unlist(strsplit(.$pot_density,",")),nrow=1)) ) %>%
as.data.frame()
newDF
# julian X1 X2 X3
#1 27548 28.4698015312665 28.4704581365093 28.4706453687
更新了数据集：
对于更新的数据集，您可以在dplyr::do函数中使用unlist来实现所需的矩形data.frame结构
请注意，由于10个向量的长度不同，因此在某些列中会有NA值作为结果和数量 列最多为10个向量的长度，在这种情况下为85
sapply(dens$pot_density,length)
# 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010
# 82 83 83 84 84 84 83 84 81 85
newDens=dens %>%
dplyr::group_by(julian) %>%
dplyr::do(.,data.frame(matrix(unlist(.$pot_density),nrow=1)) ) %>%
as.data.frame()
head(newDens)
# julian X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14
# 1 27548 28.46980 28.47046 28.47065 28.47137 28.47160 28.47132 28.47194 28.47164 28.47194 28.47244 28.47294 28.47309 28.47288 28.47310
# 2 27555 28.38543 28.38806 28.39109 28.40103 28.41289 28.42243 28.43977 28.44522 28.44582 28.44576 28.44620 28.44655 28.44736 28.44999
# 3 27562 28.42227 28.42382 28.42443 28.42479 28.42547 28.42512 28.42507 28.42421 28.42399 28.42443 28.42443 28.42527 28.42468 28.42435
# 4 27569 28.36748 28.36746 28.36878 28.37012 28.37175 28.37264 28.37423 28.37468 28.37515 28.37497 28.37476 28.37457 28.37728 28.37809
# 5 27576 28.45268 28.45358 28.45255 28.45186 28.45280 28.45318 28.45289 28.45554 28.45886 28.46282 28.47461 28.47840 28.48306 28.48473
# 6 27583 28.38106 28.38130 28.38171 28.38312 28.38544 28.38715 28.38908 28.39021 28.39180 28.39539 28.39802 28.40041 28.40451 28.40721
# X15 X16 X17 X18 X19 X20 X21 X22 X23 X24 X25 X26 X27 X28 X29
# 1 28.47376 28.47400 28.47423 28.47386 28.47432 28.47427 28.47501 28.47566 28.47508 28.47558 28.47528 28.47529 28.47534 28.47544 28.47639
# 2 28.45058 28.45241 28.45280 28.45279 28.45242 28.45243 28.45257 28.45329 28.45320 28.45371 28.45462 28.45493 28.45548 28.45603 28.45587
# 3 28.42487 28.42552 28.42493 28.42470 28.42469 28.42460 28.42477 28.42491 28.42480 28.42508 28.42372 28.42351 28.42387 28.42422 28.42406
# 4 28.37909 28.38681 28.39588 28.39948 28.39925 28.40067 28.40377 28.40711 28.40835 28.40862 28.40971 28.40957 28.40982 28.41094 28.41169
# 5 28.48765 28.48769 28.48837 28.48860 28.48843 28.48838 28.48861 28.48836 28.48877 28.48880 28.48866 28.48823 28.48845 28.48855 28.48994
# 6 28.40871 28.41264 28.41362 28.41674 28.42094 28.42703 28.43125 28.43744 28.44327 28.44861 28.45126 28.45242 28.45129 28.45123 28.45237
# X30 X31 X32 X33 X34 X35 X36 X37 X38 X39 X40 X41 X42 X43 X44
# 1 28.47697 28.47747 28.47791 28.47790 28.47803 28.47818 28.47809 28.47788 28.47792 28.47816 28.47811 28.47780 28.47793 28.47787 28.47827
# 2 28.45652 28.45807 28.45933 28.45977 28.46019 28.46051 28.46100 28.46136 28.46127 28.46158 28.46191 28.46233 28.46503 28.46818 28.46907
# 3 28.42378 28.42353 28.42367 28.42346 28.42334 28.42329 28.42322 28.42341 28.42340 28.42404 28.42429 28.42447 28.42436 28.42467 28.42444
# 4 28.41317 28.41636 28.42153 28.42233 28.42240 28.42396 28.42525 28.42537 28.42547 28.42604 28.42650 28.42772 28.42909 28.43003 28.43136
# 5 28.48980 28.49084 28.49092 28.49133 28.49152 28.49214 28.49238 28.49239 28.49209 28.49234 28.49233 28.49241 28.49260 28.49329 28.49381
# 6 28.45339 28.45486 28.45551 28.45618 28.45713 28.45885 28.46112 28.46298 28.46378 28.46390 28.46541 28.46610 28.46873 28.47033 28.47103
# X45 X46 X47 X48 X49 X50 X51 X52 X53 X54 X55 X56 X57 X58 X59
# 1 28.47823 28.47792 28.47776 28.47791 28.47761 28.47762 28.47767 28.47726 28.47711 28.47687 28.47735 28.47686 28.47717 28.47754 28.47722
# 2 28.46970 28.46996 28.47060 28.47118 28.47135 28.47296 28.47468 28.47556 28.47722 28.47915 28.47984 28.48097 28.48108 28.48111 28.48129
# 3 28.42407 28.42406 28.42438 28.42469 28.42493 28.42558 28.42621 28.42715 28.42722 28.42752 28.42765 28.42871 28.43017 28.43179 28.43443
# 4 28.43191 28.43311 28.43480 28.43596 28.43673 28.43921 28.44073 28.44223 28.44265 28.44352 28.44448 28.44501 28.44557 28.44542 28.44716
# 5 28.49392 28.49363 28.49379 28.49324 28.49351 28.49468 28.49558 28.49573 28.49635 28.49718 28.49854 28.49863 28.49868 28.50034 28.50022
# 6 28.47487 28.47718 28.48008 28.48167 28.48309 28.48441 28.48660 28.48846 28.49091 28.49313 28.49472 28.49529 28.49647 28.49742 28.49801
# X60 X61 X62 X63 X64 X65 X66 X67 X68 X69 X70 X71 X72 X73 X74
# 1 28.47667 28.47667 28.47652 28.47673 28.47643 28.47634 28.47668 28.47667 28.47647 28.47646 28.47658 28.47668 28.47670 28.47662 28.47669
# 2 28.48107 28.48153 28.48151 28.48126 28.48123 28.48145 28.48140 28.48129 28.48126 28.48143 28.48146 28.48141 28.48154 28.48136 28.48149
# 3 28.43473 28.43517 28.43597 28.43618 28.43668 28.43699 28.43688 28.43797 28.43824 28.43870 28.43863 28.43913 28.44231 28.44498 28.44527
# 4 28.44915 28.45137 28.45238 28.45239 28.45248 28.45288 28.45327 28.45397 28.45462 28.45597 28.45791 28.45879 28.46073 28.46372 28.46587
# 5 28.50005 28.49965 28.50040 28.50208 28.50291 28.50319 28.50352 28.50502 28.50531 28.50528 28.50728 28.50742 28.51176 28.51329 28.51406
# 6 28.49889 28.49929 28.50054 28.50253 28.50502 28.50801 28.51164 28.51209 28.51328 28.51400 28.51412 28.51475 28.51701 28.51829 28.51830
# X75 X76 X77 X78 X79 X80 X81 X82 X83 X84 X85
# 1 28.47676 28.47684 28.47698 28.47675 28.47646 28.47656 28.47680 28.47696 NA NA NA
# 2 28.48138 28.48152 28.48168 28.48117 28.48099 28.48080 28.48079 28.48080 28.48076 NA NA
# 3 28.44555 28.44556 28.44747 28.44876 28.44821 28.44815 28.45076 28.45319 28.45599 NA NA
# 4 28.46681 28.46803 28.46890 28.46963 28.47142 28.47305 28.47342 28.47462 28.47682 28.47908 NA
# 5 28.51426 28.51492 28.51440 28.51432 28.51416 28.51403 28.51449 28.51467 28.51461 28.51462 NA
# 6 28.51946 28.52087 28.52085 28.52243 28.52380 28.52534 28.52637 28.52713 28.52725 28.52821 NA
答案 1 :(得分：1)
尝试通过对代码进行最少的更改来解决您的问题：
ctd <- data.frame(pot_density = c(28.7, 27, 26, 25, 24), julian = c(rep(32790, 2), rep(27548, 3)))
dens <- aggregate(pot_density ~ julian, data = ctd, FUN = paste, collapse = "/")
tidyr::separate(dens, pot_density, sep = "/", into = paste0("pot_density.", 1:3))
虽然您可能不应该首先使用paste（数字到字符转换可能不是您想要的）。