以下C声明的含义

时间:2016-10-10 08:42:39

标签: c pointers

我无法理解以下声明,有人可以帮助我。这有点令人困惑,我找不到任何适当的解释,加上我在练习之前从未见过这种类型的声明。

char(*(*x())[])();
char(*(*x[3])())[5];
void (*b(int, void (*f)(int)))(int);
void (*ptr)(int(*)[2], int(*)(void));

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

你需要分解它们,最后两个更容易:

char (*(*x())[])();
char (*x)();        // A pointer to a function returning char with any args.
char (*x[])();      // An array of such pointers.
char (*(*x)[])();   // A pointer to such array.
char (*(*x())[])(); // A function returning such pointer: A function returning a pointer to
                    // an array of pointer to function returning char with any args.

char(*(*x[3])())[5];
char(*x)();          // A pointer to a function returning char with any args.
char(*x)()[5];       // A pointer to a function returning an array of 5 chars (any args).
char((*x)())[5];     // Same as above.
char(*(*x)())[5];    // A pointer to a function returning a pointer to an array of 5 chars.
char(*(*x[3])())[5]; // An array of 3 of these pointers.

void (*b(int, void (*f)(int)))(int);
X b(int, void(*f)(int)); // A function returning X and taking an int and a pointer to
                         // a function f taking an int and returning nothing.
void (*b())(int); // A function taking nothing and returning a pointer to a function
                  // taking and int and returning nothing.
void (*b(int, void (*f)(int)))(int); // Combination of the two above, a function taking and
                                     // an int and a pointer to a function f and returning
                                     // a pointer to a function.

void(*ptr)(int(*)[2], int(*)(void)); // This one is easier:
void(*ptr)(); // A  pointer to a function with no args and returning nothing.
void(*ptr)(int(*)[2], int(*)(void)); // A pointer to a function returning nothing and taking:
                                     // - A pointer to an array of 2 int
                                     // - A pointer to a function returning int with no args.

您可以使用cdecl.org检查所有这些内容。

当您需要分解此类声明时的一些提示:

  1. 返回指向数组或函数的指针的函数并不常见,但您必须知道如何声明它们:
  2. int (*f())[5];   // A function returning a pointer to an array of 5 int.
    int (*f())(int); // A function returning a pointer to a function int (*)(int).
    

    请注意,在这两个声明中,部分返回类型在函数的参数列表后出现,这就是为什么在第一次遇到它们时常常会让人感到困惑。

    1. 您可以随时删除功能中的参数名称:
    2. int b(void(*f)(int), int(*p)[2]);
      int b(void(*)(int), int(*)[2]); // Same as above
      
      1. 如果名称直接位于方括号旁边,例如x[N],然后它是«数组N的东西»:
      2. int (*x[3])();  // x is an array of 3 pointers to functions int(*)().
        int (*x[4])[5]; // x is an array of 4 pointers to array of 5 int.
        int (*x)[4];    // x is not an array.
        

答案 1 :(得分:0)

这看起来像是第二版Kernighan和Ritchie(C编程语言)中的一个邪恶的例子,p。 122(第5.12节:复杂声明),其中它被描述为一个函数,返回指向返回char的函数的指针数组的指针。这是一个用法示例:

#include <stdio.h>

char x1() { return 'a'; } // Function returning a char
char (*x2[])() = {&x1}; // Array of pointers to functions returning  char
char (*(*x())[])() { return &x2; } // Function returning a pointer to the above

void main(){
    char (*x3)() = **x(); // Pointer to a function returning char
    printf("This is the value: %c\n", x3());
}