当我尝试运行Espresso测试时出现以下错误，我已经查看了此问题上的所有SO线程，但无效：
Dex: Error converting bytecode to dex:
Cause: Dex cannot parse version 52 byte code.
This is caused by library dependencies that have been compiled using Java 8 or above.
If you are using the 'java' gradle plugin in a library submodule add
targetCompatibility = '1.7'
sourceCompatibility = '1.7'
to that submodule's build.gradle file.
UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
java.lang.RuntimeException: Exception parsing classes
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.processClass(Main.java:775)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.processFileBytes(Main.java:741)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.access$1200(Main.java:88)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main$FileBytesConsumer.processFileBytes(Main.java:1683)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.ClassPathOpener.processArchive(ClassPathOpener.java:284)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.ClassPathOpener.processOne(ClassPathOpener.java:166)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.ClassPathOpener.process(ClassPathOpener.java:144)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.processOne(Main.java:695)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.processAllFiles(Main.java:560)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMultiDex(Main.java:376)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:290)
at com.android.builder.internal.compiler.DexWrapper.run(DexWrapper.java:54)
at com.android.builder.core.DexByteCodeConverter.lambda$dexInProcess$0(DexByteCodeConverter.java:173)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: com.android.dx.cf.iface.ParseException: bad class file magic (cafebabe) or version (0034.0000)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.DirectClassFile.parse0(DirectClassFile.java:476)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.DirectClassFile.parse(DirectClassFile.java:406)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.DirectClassFile.parseToInterfacesIfNecessary(DirectClassFile.java:388)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.DirectClassFile.getMagic(DirectClassFile.java:251)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.parseClass(Main.java:787)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.access$1600(Main.java:88)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main$ClassParserTask.call(Main.java:1722)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.processClass(Main.java:773)
... 16 more
这是我的build.gradle：
buildscript {
repositories {
maven { url 'https://maven.fabric.io/public' }
}
dependencies {
classpath 'io.fabric.tools:gradle:1.+'
}
}
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'io.fabric'
apply plugin: 'realm-android'
repositories {
maven { url 'https://maven.fabric.io/public' }
}
apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt'
apply plugin: 'me.tatarka.retrolambda'
android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.0.3"
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
lintOptions {
abortOnError false
}
defaultConfig {
applicationId "xxx.xxxxxx.xxxx"
minSdkVersion 19
targetSdkVersion 23
versionName versionName(versionMajor, versionMinor, versionPatch)
versionCode versionCode(versionMajor, versionMinor, versionPatch)
buildConfigField "boolean", "ENABLE_CACHE", "true"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
multiDexEnabled true
}
signingConfigs {
// my release and debug signing configs
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
signingConfig signingConfigs.release
}
debug {
debuggable true
signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
buildConfigField "boolean", "DEBUG_ENABLED", 'true'
}
applicationVariants.all { variant ->
def flavor = variant.mergedFlavor
if (variant.buildType.isDebuggable()) {
flavor.versionName = "${getVersionName()}";
}
}
}
productFlavours {
// my product flavours here
}
packagingOptions {
exclude 'META-INF/services/javax.annotation.processing.Processor'
exclude 'jsr305_annotations/Jsr305_annotations.gwt.xml'
}
}
repositories {
maven {
url "https://urbanairship.bintray.com/android"
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
apt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.0.2'
provided 'javax.annotation:jsr250-api:1.0'
// compile 'joda-time:joda-time:2.3'
compile('com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics:2.5.5@aar') {
transitive = true;
}
compile(name: 'common', ext: 'aar')
compile(name: 'base', ext: 'aar')
compile(name: 'jwplayer-vr-sdk-1.0.0+12', ext: 'aar')
compile ('com.longtailvideo.jwplayer:jwplayer-android-sdk:2.4.3+160'){
exclude group: 'com.android.support'
exclude group: 'com.google.android.gms'
}
compile 'uk.co.chrisjenx:calligraphy:2.1.0'
compile 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.0.2'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.0.0-beta4'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.0.0-beta4'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava:2.0.0-beta4'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.2.0'
compile 'com.facebook.fresco:fresco:0.10.0'
compile 'com.facebook.fresco:animated-gif:0.12.0'
compile 'me.relex:photodraweeview:1.0.0'
compile ('com.urbanairship.android:urbanairship-sdk:7.2.0') {
exclude group: 'com.google.android.gms'
}
compile 'com.github.castorflex.verticalviewpager:library:19.0.1'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.4.0'
compile 'com.android.support:design:23.4.0'
compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.2.1'
apt 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:8.2.1'
compile 'net.danlew:android.joda:2.9.3'
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:23.4.0'
compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:23.4.0'
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:23.4.0'
compile 'com.android.support:percent:23.3.0'
compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-core:9.4.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth:9.4.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:9.4.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:9.4.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-tagmanager:9.4.0'
compile 'com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.14.0'
compile 'io.reactivex:rxandroid:1.1.0'
compile 'io.reactivex:rxjava:1.1.0'
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1'
compile 'com.wefika:flowlayout:0.4.1'
//Automatic Getters and Setters, hash, etc
provided "org.projectlombok:lombok:1.16.10"
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
// Android instrumentation unit testing dependencies
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test:runner:0.4.1') {
exclude module: 'support-annotations'
}
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test:rules:0.4.1') {
exclude module: 'support-annotations'
}
androidTestCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19'
androidTestCompile 'com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.2'
androidTestCompile 'com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.2'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
}
}
但是，当我构建并运行项目（主要源代码）时，它运行时没有任何问题。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
您需要正确设置匕首，否则您会得到完全错误的信息。更换匕首设置如下：
dependencies {
compile 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.8'
annotationProcessor 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.8'
}
对我而言，它适用于匕首2.8