Question

所以在org.apache.commons.lang3.text中有一个名为StrSubstitutor的类可以接收这样的地图：

Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
params.put("name","Vivek");
params.put("id","900");
params.put("somethingelse","blah");

和这样的模板字符串：

    <data>
       <id>${id}</id>
       <name>${name}</name>
       <something>${somethingelse}</something>
    </data>

生成这样的输出字符串：

   <data>
       <id>900</id>
       <name>Vivek</name>
       <something>blah</something>
   </data>

我想要的是相反的。有没有办法可以使用输出字符串和模板填充地图，模板变量作为键，字符串中的相应值作为值？

PS - 我将使用的字符串不一定总是XML。这只是一个例子。

编辑：我认为有些人感到困惑，因为变量名称和标签名称是相同的。标签只是说明性的，与问题无关。我担心的是$ {}内的变量。我添加了另一个标签来表明我的意思。

Answer 1

您可以使用模式将格式字符串转换为正则表达式，然后使用此正则表达式来进行输入字符串，在示例类下面：

public final class FormatReader {

    private final Pattern formatPattern;
    private final List<String> names;

    private FormatReader(
            final Pattern formatPattern,
            final List<String> names) {
        ////
        this.formatPattern = formatPattern;
        this.names = names;
    }

    public static FormatReader of(
            final String prefix,
            final String suffix,
            final String format) {
        ////
        return of(prefix, suffix, format, true);
    }

    public static FormatReader of(
            final String prefix,
            final String suffix,
            final String format,
            final boolean allowSurroundingWhitespace) {
        ////
        // This method is somewhat ugly...
        final List<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("(?m)");
        boolean skip = allowSurroundingWhitespace;
        if (skip)
            sb.append("\\s*");
        for (int i = 0, last = 0, prefixLength = prefix.length(), suffixLength = suffix.length();;) {
            if (i == format.length()) {
                if (!skip)
                    sb.append(Pattern.quote(format.substring(last)));
                break;
            }
            if (format.startsWith(prefix, i)) {
                skip = true;
                sb.append(Pattern.quote(format.substring(last, i))).append("(.+)");

                final int off = i + prefixLength;
                names.add(format.substring(off, i = format.indexOf(suffix, off)));
                i += suffixLength;
                continue;
            }
            if (Character.isWhitespace(format.charAt(i))) {
                if (!skip) {
                    skip = true;
                    // Replace '\s*' with '\s+' if at least one whitespace has to be present
                    sb.append(Pattern.quote(format.substring(last, i))).append("\\s*");
                }
            } else if (skip) {
                last = i;
                skip = false;
            }
            i++;
        }
        if (!skip && allowSurroundingWhitespace)
            sb.append("\\s*");
        return new FormatReader(Pattern.compile(sb.toString()), names);
    }

    public Map<String, String> toMap(
            final String input) {
        ////
        final Matcher m = formatPattern.matcher(input);
        if (!m.matches())
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Argument does not match format");
        final Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < m.groupCount();)
            map.put(names.get(i), m.group(++i));
        return map;
    }

    public static void main(
            final String[] args) {
        ////
        final FormatReader r = of("${", "}", ""
                + "   <data>\n"
                + "       <id>${id}</id>\n"
                + "       <name>${name}</name>\n"
                + "   </data>");
        final String s = ""
                + "      <data>\n"
                + "        <id>900</id>           "
                + "    <name>Vivek</name>\n"
                + "  </data>    ";
        // The created pattern (accepts any count of whitespace):
        //                             'id'                     'name'
        // (?m)\s*\Q<data>\E\s*\Q<id>\E(.+)\Q</id>\E\s*\Q<name>\E(.+)\Q</name>\E\s*\Q</data>\E\s*
        System.out.println(r.toMap(s)); // {name=Vivek, id=900}
    }
}

Answer 2

这是另一种选择：

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Test{

    public static void main(String[] args){

        //simulate template. Assuming no more than on param in line
        String[] template = new String[]{
                                    "<data>",
                                    "<id>${id}</id>",
                                    "<name>${name}</name>",
                                    "<something>${somethingelse}</something>",
                                    "</data>"
                                    };

        String[] output = new String[]{
                                    "<data>",
                                    "<id>900</id>",
                                    "<name>Vivek</name>",
                                    "<somethingelse>blah</somethingelse>",
                                    "</data>"
                                    };

        Map<String, String> params = getParams(template);

        getValues(params, output);

        for(String key : params.keySet()) {
            System.out.println(key +" : " + params.get(key));
        }
    }

    private static Map<String, String> getParams(String[] template) {

        Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();

        for (String line : template) {

            //get location of 3 chars ${}
            int index$ = line.indexOf("$");
            int indexLeftB = line.indexOf("{");
            int indexRightB = line.indexOf("}");

            //make sure all ${} are present
            if((index$ <0) || (indexLeftB <0) || (indexRightB <0) ) {
                continue;
            }

            //make sure they are in the right order
            if( ((indexLeftB - index$) !=1) || (indexRightB < indexLeftB)) {
                continue;
            }

            //get param
            String param = getParamFromLine(line, indexLeftB+1 , indexRightB);

            if(param != null) {

                params.put(param,null);
            }
        }

        return params;
    }

    private static void getValues(Map<String, String> params, String[] output) {

        //iterate over map
        for(String param : params.keySet()) {

            String tag = "<"+param+">"; //like <name>
            String closeTag = "</"+param+">"; //like <name>

            //iterate over output
            for(String line : output) {

                line = line.trim(); //remove all whitespace
                //look for first occurrence of patternToSearch
                int index1 = line.indexOf(tag, 0);
                int index2 = line.indexOf(closeTag, index1);

                //make sure there are 2 occurrences in
                if((index1 < 0) || (index2 < 0)) {
                    continue;
                }

                String value = getParamFromLine(line, index1+ tag.length(), index2);
                if(value != null) {

                    params.put(param, value);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private static String getParamFromLine(String line, int indexLeftB, int indexRightB) {

        String param = line.substring(indexLeftB, indexRightB);

        return (param.trim().length() == 0) ? null : param.trim();
    }
}

Java - 使用模板从字符串中提取键值对

2 个答案: