如何在特殊PowerShell 4命令提示符下链接命令?

时间:2016-09-30 23:11:28

标签: .net windows powershell chaining

通常,PowerShell命令可以用分号链接。以下打开2个记事本:

PS> notepad; notepad

您还可以链接更复杂的声明:

PS> Add-Type -AssemblyName System.IO.Compression; `
> $src = "C:\aFolder"; $zip="C:\my.zip"; `
> [io.compression.zipfile]::CreateFromDirectory($src, $zip)

也可以从CMD命令行调用链式PowerShell命令:

C:\> powershell notepad; notepad

This post描述了一种创建.Net 4.0 PowerShell提示的方法,即使.Net 2.0是您操作系统上的活动框架。您创建一个.cmd脚本,然后运行它。现在您处于.Net 4.0环境中。

Chaining也适用于4.0提示符:

C:\> ps4.cmd
PS> notepad; notepad

并且还可以从标准CMD提示符开始:

C:\> ps4 notepad; notepad

This post描述了一种对Add-Type显式路径名(从ps4提示符引用4.0程序集所需)的方法:

Add-Type -Path "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\assembly\GAC_MSIL\System.IO.Compression.FileSystem\v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089\System.IO.Compression.FileSystem.dll"

即使在ps4提示符下链接时也是如此:

C:\> ps4
PS> Add-Type -Path "C:\x\System.IO.Compression.FileSystem.dll"; `
> $src = "C:\x\xl"; $zip="C:\x\xl.zip"; `
> [io.compression.zipfile]::CreateFromDirectory($src, $zip)

问题:在标准命令提示符下启动ps4时,上述语句的链接失败(帖子底部的完整错误):

C:\> ps4 Add-Type -Path "C:\x\System.IO.Compression.FileSystem.dll"; $src = "C:\x\xl"; $zip="C:\x\xl.zip"; [io.compression.zipfile]::CreateFromDirectory($src, $zip)

然而,所有上述方法都有效。为什么?我怎样才能做到这一点?

The term 'C:\x\xl' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script
file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was
included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
At line:1 char:73
+ Add-Type -Path C:\x\System.IO.Compression.FileSystem.dll; $src = C:\x\xl <<<< ; $zip=C:\x\xl.zip;
[io.compression.zipfile]::CreateFromDirectory($src, $zip)
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (C:\x\xl:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

The term 'C:\x\xl.zip' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function,
script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path
was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
At line:1 char:91
+ Add-Type -Path C:\x\System.IO.Compression.FileSystem.dll; $src = C:\x\xl; $zip=C:\x\xl.zip <<<< ;
[io.compression.zipfile]::CreateFromDirectory($src, $zip)
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (C:\x\xl.zip:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

Exception calling "CreateFromDirectory" with "2" argument(s): "The path is not
of a legal form."
At line:1 char:138
+ Add-Type -Path C:\x\System.IO.Compression.FileSystem.dll; $src = C:\x\xl; $zip=C:\x\xl.zip;
[io.compression.zipfile]::CreateFromDirectory <<<< ($src, $zip)
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (:) [], MethodInvocationException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : DotNetMethodException

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

将菊花链命令传递给powershell.exe时,会删除字符串周围的双引号。 Add-Type并未受此影响,因为该路径不包含空格,因此不需要引号:

Add-Type -Path C:\x\System.IO.Compression.FileSystem.dll   # <- this works

但是,在赋值操作中,PowerShell要求字符串在引号中,否则它会将字符串解释为命令并尝试执行它:

$src = C:\x\xl  # <- this would try to run a (non-existent) command 'C:\x\xl'
                #    and assign its output to the variable instead of assigning
                #    the string "C:\x\xl" to the variable

这就是导致您观察到的前两个错误的原因。第三个错误是后续错误,因为两个路径变量未正确初始化。

您应该可以通过转义双引号来避免此行为:

ps4 Add-Type -Path \"C:\x\System.IO.Compression.FileSystem.dll\"; $src = \"C:\x\xl\"; $zip=\"C:\x\xl.zip\"; [io.compression.zipfile]::CreateFromDirectory($src, $zip)

或者用单引号替换它们(因为后者不被CMD识别为引用字符,因此按原样传递给PowerShell,后者将它们识别为引用字符):

ps4 Add-Type -Path 'C:\x\System.IO.Compression.FileSystem.dll'; $src = 'C:\x\xl'; $zip='C:\x\xl.zip'; [io.compression.zipfile]::CreateFromDirectory($src, $zip)

但是,我建议您不要解决此问题,而是建议您创建并运行正确的PowerShell脚本,以便完全避免此问题:

#requires -version 4
[CmdletBinding()]
Param(
  [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
  [string]$Path,
  [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
  [string]$Zipfile,
)

Add-Type -Assembly 'System.IO.Compression.FileSystem' | Out-Null
[IO.Compression.ZipFile]::CreateFromDirectory($Path, $Zipfile)

脚本将按如下方式运行:

powershell.exe -File zip.ps1 -Path "C:\x\xl" -Zipfile "C:\x\xl.zip"

如果您将执行策略更改为RemoteSignedUnrestricted并更改.ps1文件的默认处理程序,您甚至可以像这样运行脚本:

zip.ps1 -Path "C:\x\xl" -Zipfile "C:\x\xl.zip"