我的大学里有一个用C语言编写迷你shell的项目。 要解析命令行，我使用工具：lex和yacc。 在使用YACC进行编译时，我收到了这些警告，但我不明白为什么。
文件parser.yacc：
%{
#include <stdio.h>
void yyerror(char *s);
extern int yylex();
%}
%token NEWLINE PIPE AND OR AMPERSAND BLANK WORD IDENTIFIER GREAT GREAT_GREAT LESS ERR_GREAT ERR_GREAT_GREAT GREAT_AMP GREAT_GREAT_AMP SEMICOLON
%start cmd_lists
%%
cmd_lists
: cmd_lists command
|
;
command
: pipeline io_list background NEWLINE
| NEWLINE
| error NEWLINE
;
pipeline
: pipeline PIPE cmd_args
| pipeline SEMICOLON cmd_args
| pipeline AND cmd_args
| pipeline OR cmd_args
| cmd_args
;
cmd_args
: WORD list_arg
;
list_arg
: list_arg WORD
;
io_list
: io_list io
;
background
: AMPERSAND
;
io
: GREAT WORD
| GREAT_GREAT WORD
| LESS WORD
| ERR_GREAT WORD
| ERR_GREAT_GREAT WORD
| GREAT_AMP WORD
| GREAT_GREAT_AMP WORD
;
%%
void yyerror(char *s){
fprintf(stderr,"yyerror : erreur : %s.\n",s);
}
警告：
parser.yacc: warning: 6 nonterminals useless in grammar[-Wother]
parser.yacc: warning: 17 rules useless in grammar [-Wother]
parser.yacc:13.10-17: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar: : pipeline [-Wother]
command: pipeline io_list background NEWLINE | NEWLINE | error NEWLINE;
^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:14.25-32: awarning: nonterminal useless in grammar: : cmd_args [-Wother]
pipeline: pipeline PIPE cmd_args | pipeline SEMICOLON cmd_args | pipeline AND cmd_args | pipeline OR cmd_args | cmd_args;
^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:15.16-23:warning: nonterminal useless in grammar: : list_arg [-Wother]
cmd_args: WORD list_arg;
^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:13.19-25: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar: : io_list [-Wother]
command: pipeline io_list background NEWLINE | NEWLINE | error NEWLINE;
^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:13.27-36: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar: : background [-Wother]
command: pipeline io_list background NEWLINE | NEWLINE | error NEWLINE;
^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:17.18-19: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar: : io [-Wother]
io_list: io_list io;
^^
parser.yacc:13.10-44: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar:[-Wother]
command: pipeline io_list background NEWLINE | NEWLINE | error NEWLINE;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:14.11-32: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar: [-Wother]
pipeline: pipeline PIPE cmd_args | pipeline SEMICOLON cmd_args | pipeline AND cmd_args | pipeline OR cmd_args | cmd_args;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:14.36-62: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar: [-Wother]
pipeline: pipeline PIPE cmd_args | pipeline SEMICOLON cmd_args | pipeline AND cmd_args | pipeline OR cmd_args | cmd_args;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:14.66-86:warning: nonterminal useless in grammar:[-Wother]
pipeline: pipeline PIPE cmd_args | pipeline SEMICOLON cmd_args | pipeline AND cmd_args | pipeline OR cmd_args | cmd_args;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:14.90-109: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar: [-Wother]
pipeline: pipeline PIPE cmd_args | pipeline SEMICOLON cmd_args | pipeline AND cmd_args | pipeline OR cmd_args | cmd_args;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:14.113-120: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar:[-Wother]
pipeline: pipeline PIPE cmd_args | pipeline SEMICOLON cmd_args | pipeline AND cmd_args | pipeline OR cmd_args | cmd_args;
^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:15.11-23: warning: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar:[-Wother]
cmd_args: WORD list_arg;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:16.11-23: warning: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar: [-Wother]
list_arg: list_arg WORD ;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:17.10-19: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar:[-Wother]
io_list: io_list io;
^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:18.13-21:warning: nonterminal useless in grammar:[-Wother]
background: AMPERSAND;
^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:19.5-14: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar:[-Wother]
io: GREAT WORD| GREAT_GREAT WORD| LESS WORD| ERR_GREAT WORD| ERR_GREAT_GREAT WORD| GREAT_AMP WORD| GREAT_GREAT_AMP WORD;
^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:19.17-32: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar:[-Wother]
io: GREAT WORD| GREAT_GREAT WORD| LESS WORD| ERR_GREAT WORD| ERR_GREAT_GREAT WORD| GREAT_AMP WORD| GREAT_GREAT_AMP WORD;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:19.35-43: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar: [-Wother]
io: GREAT WORD| GREAT_GREAT WORD| LESS WORD| ERR_GREAT WORD| ERR_GREAT_GREAT WORD| GREAT_AMP WORD| GREAT_GREAT_AMP WORD;
^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:19.46-59: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar:[-Wother]
io: GREAT WORD| GREAT_GREAT WORD| LESS WORD| ERR_GREAT WORD| ERR_GREAT_GREAT WORD| GREAT_AMP WORD| GREAT_GREAT_AMP WORD;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:19.62-81: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar: [-Wother]
io: GREAT WORD| GREAT_GREAT WORD| LESS WORD| ERR_GREAT WORD| ERR_GREAT_GREAT WORD| GREAT_AMP WORD| GREAT_GREAT_AMP WORD;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:19.84-97:warning: nonterminal useless in grammar:[-Wother]
io: GREAT WORD| GREAT_GREAT WORD| LESS WORD| ERR_GREAT WORD| ERR_GREAT_GREAT WORD| GREAT_AMP WORD| GREAT_GREAT_AMP WORD;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
parser.yacc:19.100-119: warning: nonterminal useless in grammar:[-Wother]
io: GREAT WORD| GREAT_GREAT WORD| LESS WORD| ERR_GREAT WORD| ERR_GREAT_GREAT WORD| GREAT_AMP WORD| GREAT_GREAT_AMP WORD;
我是yacc的新手。 谢谢您的帮助。
答案 0 :(得分：0)
我已将我的parser.y文件更改为，它没关系：
%{
#include <stdio.h>
void yyerror(char *s);
extern int yylex();
%}
%token NEWLINE PIPE AND OR AMPERSAND BLANK WORD IDENTIFIER GREAT GREAT_GREAT LESS ERR_GREAT ERR_GREAT_GREAT GREAT_AMP GREAT_GREAT_AMP SEMICOLON
%start cmd_lists
%%
cmd_lists: cmd_lists command | ;
command: pipeline io_list background NEWLINE | NEWLINE | error NEWLINE;
pipeline: pipeline PIPE cmd_args | pipeline SEMICOLON cmd_args | pipeline AND cmd_args | pipeline OR cmd_args | cmd_args;
cmd_args: WORD list_arg;
list_arg: list_arg WORD | /*empty*/;
io_list: io_list io| /*empty*/ ;
background: AMPERSAND | /*empty*/ ;
io: GREAT WORD | GREAT_GREAT WORD | LESS WORD | ERR_GREAT WORD | ERR_GREAT_GREAT WORD | GREAT_AMP WORD | GREAT_GREAT_AMP WORD;
%%
void yyerror(char *s){
fprintf(stderr,"yyerror : erreur : %s.\n",s);
}
谢谢。