当有人在指定系统调用时写入read(2)时,'2'究竟是什么意思?

时间:2016-09-28 06:56:58

标签: c operating-system

当他们说read(2)或open(1)时,有什么意思?括号中的数字实际上是什么意思?

编辑: 重新提出问题的标题。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

括号用于指定手册页的部分。手册页被组织成不同的部分,而部分编号指定了什么类型的"事物"它是。来自Wikipedia,一个常见的部门组织(在Research Unix,BSD,OS X和Linux上)是这样的:

namespace

例如,PSR-2表示它正在讨论操作系统调用1 General commands 2 System calls 3 Library functions, covering in particular the C standard library 4 Special files (usually devices, those found in /dev) and drivers 5 File formats and conventions 6 Games and screensavers 7 Miscellanea 8 System administration commands and daemons

答案 1 :(得分:3)

它们是手册页部分标识符。你应该试试

import scrapy
class SomeSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'spider_1'
    start_urls = ['https://www.xxxxxx.xxx/xxxx-xxxx/xxxxxx']

    def parse(self, response):
        for element in response.xpath('//div/ul/li')[1:]: # skipped first list element used '[1:]'
            element_href = element.xpath('a/@href').extract_first()
            element_text = element.xpath('a/text()').extract_first().strip()
            yield scrapy.Request(url=response.urljoin(element_href), callback=self.parse_element_1, meta = {'element': element_text})

    def parse_element_1(self, response):
        for element1 in response.xpath('//div/ul/li'):
            element1_href = element1.xpath('a/@href').extract_first()
            element1_text = element1.xpath('a/text()').extract_first().strip()
            element = response.meta['element']
            yield scrapy.Request(url=response.urljoin(element1_href), callback=self.parse_element_2, meta={'element': element, 'element1': element1_text})

    def parse_element_2(self, response):
        for element2 in response.xpath('//div'):
            element2_href = element2.xpath('a/@href').extract_first()
            element = response.meta['element']
            element1 = response.meta['element1']
            yield {
               'element': element,
               'element1': element1
               }

scrapy crawl spider_1 -o scraped_data.json

查看这些标识符的特定版本。