我有更多的东西我必须弄清楚CMake而不仅仅是以下问题，但它是第一个也是最简单的一个我仍然无法通过的问题。我已经搜索了互联网，甚至从朋友那里借了“Mastering CMake”这本书，但我仍然遇到了最困难的时刻......关于CMake，Fortran和MinGW的网上存在很多东西，甚至一次两个的组合。但这三者似乎几乎不存在。
我想做的就是（在这一点上）是使用MinGW的gfortran编译器在Windows上使用CMake构建和编译的简单Fortran程序。
......我是一个CMake n00b。
这是我到目前为止一直在使用的方法：
的CMakeLists.txt：
project(cmake_test Fortran)
add_executable(testf test.f90)
test.f90：
program test
write(*,*)"hello world"
endprogram test
我已经获得了MinGW的MSYS2版本，因为这是我最终要编译的代码将在Windows上编译的唯一版本。 （即，当我在MSYS2 shell中使用我自己的Makefile编译它时，它会编译。）
我的Windows路径附加了;C:\msys64\mingw64\bin。 （我也尝试了;C:\msys64\usr\bin，但它抱怨sh.exe在同一目录中，以及其他问题。）
然后我弹出CMake-GUI，加载上面的CMakeLists，点击Configure，指定项目的生成器为“MinGW Makefile”，选择“Use default native compilers”，并得到以下输出：
The Fortran compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0
Check for working Fortran compiler: C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gfortran.exe
Check for working Fortran compiler: C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gfortran.exe -- works
Detecting Fortran compiler ABI info
Detecting Fortran compiler ABI info - done
Checking whether C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gfortran.exe supports Fortran 90
Checking whether C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gfortran.exe supports Fortran 90 -- yes
Configuring done
然后我再次点击配置并获取：
Configuring done
然后生成：
Generating done
在我的构建目录中，有一个Makefile和许多其他文件和目录。
我尝试在MSYS2 shell中运行make，我得到了这个：
myself@COMPUTER MSYS /c/users/myself/desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build
$ make
Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\users\myself\desktop\dll_test\with_fortran_cmake\build>
最后一行是提示。如果我输入make这样的内容，它似乎再次运行它，它只是在提示符中再次显示提示。如果我按下Ctrl + C，它会杀死它并返回到正常的MSYS2提示符。
所以我无法弄清楚如何实现它，假设我甚至正在做CMake部分。
问题：考虑到我列出的约束，如何让这个示例代码构建/编译/运行？
（我真的宁愿做的，一旦我超越这部分，就是让它与Visual Studio 13一起工作，因为我有一个用CMake构建的C ++项目（主要由我限制的其他人编写）访问问题和帮助）我希望能够调用我的Fortran。一旦我将Fortran放入某个可以通过Visual Studio中的C ++调用的库中，Fortran几乎可以单独留下来作为一个预先构建的库。我知道从VS编辑Fortran实际上并不是很有可能，我对此并不感兴趣。）
以下是生成的 Makefile 的内容（注意我的编辑器在此处复制时用空格替换了标签）：
# CMAKE generated file: DO NOT EDIT!
# Generated by "MinGW Makefiles" Generator, CMake Version 3.5
# Default target executed when no arguments are given to make.
default_target: all
.PHONY : default_target
# Allow only one "make -f Makefile2" at a time, but pass parallelism.
.NOTPARALLEL:
#=============================================================================
# Special targets provided by cmake.
# Disable implicit rules so canonical targets will work.
.SUFFIXES:
# Remove some rules from gmake that .SUFFIXES does not remove.
SUFFIXES =
.SUFFIXES: .hpux_make_needs_suffix_list
# Suppress display of executed commands.
$(VERBOSE).SILENT:
# A target that is always out of date.
cmake_force:
.PHONY : cmake_force
#=============================================================================
# Set environment variables for the build.
SHELL = cmd.exe
# The CMake executable.
CMAKE_COMMAND = "C:\Program Files (x86)\CMake\bin\cmake.exe"
# The command to remove a file.
RM = "C:\Program Files (x86)\CMake\bin\cmake.exe" -E remove -f
# Escaping for special characters.
EQUALS = =
# The top-level source directory on which CMake was run.
CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR = C:\Users\myself\Desktop\dll_test\with_fortran_cmake
# The top-level build directory on which CMake was run.
CMAKE_BINARY_DIR = C:\Users\myself\Desktop\dll_test\with_fortran_cmake\build
#=============================================================================
# Targets provided globally by CMake.
# Special rule for the target edit_cache
edit_cache:
@$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_echo_color --switch=$(COLOR) --cyan "Running CMake cache editor..."
"C:\Program Files (x86)\CMake\bin\cmake-gui.exe" -H$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR)
.PHONY : edit_cache
# Special rule for the target edit_cache
edit_cache/fast: edit_cache
.PHONY : edit_cache/fast
# Special rule for the target rebuild_cache
rebuild_cache:
@$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_echo_color --switch=$(COLOR) --cyan "Running CMake to regenerate build system..."
"C:\Program Files (x86)\CMake\bin\cmake.exe" -H$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR)
.PHONY : rebuild_cache
# Special rule for the target rebuild_cache
rebuild_cache/fast: rebuild_cache
.PHONY : rebuild_cache/fast
# The main all target
all: cmake_check_build_system
$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_progress_start C:\Users\myself\Desktop\dll_test\with_fortran_cmake\build\CMakeFiles C:\Users\myself\Desktop\dll_test\with_fortran_cmake\build\CMakeFiles\progress.marks
$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles\Makefile2 all
$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_progress_start C:\Users\myself\Desktop\dll_test\with_fortran_cmake\build\CMakeFiles 0
.PHONY : all
# The main clean target
clean:
$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles\Makefile2 clean
.PHONY : clean
# The main clean target
clean/fast: clean
.PHONY : clean/fast
# Prepare targets for installation.
preinstall: all
$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles\Makefile2 preinstall
.PHONY : preinstall
# Prepare targets for installation.
preinstall/fast:
$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles\Makefile2 preinstall
.PHONY : preinstall/fast
# clear depends
depend:
$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -H$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR) --check-build-system CMakeFiles\Makefile.cmake 1
.PHONY : depend
#=============================================================================
# Target rules for targets named testf
# Build rule for target.
testf: cmake_check_build_system
$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles\Makefile2 testf
.PHONY : testf
# fast build rule for target.
testf/fast:
$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles\testf.dir\build.make CMakeFiles/testf.dir/build
.PHONY : testf/fast
test.obj: test.f90.obj
.PHONY : test.obj
# target to build an object file
test.f90.obj:
$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles\testf.dir\build.make CMakeFiles/testf.dir/test.f90.obj
.PHONY : test.f90.obj
test.i: test.f90.i
.PHONY : test.i
# target to preprocess a source file
test.f90.i:
$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles\testf.dir\build.make CMakeFiles/testf.dir/test.f90.i
.PHONY : test.f90.i
test.s: test.f90.s
.PHONY : test.s
# target to generate assembly for a file
test.f90.s:
$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles\testf.dir\build.make CMakeFiles/testf.dir/test.f90.s
.PHONY : test.f90.s
# Help Target
help:
@echo The following are some of the valid targets for this Makefile:
@echo ... all (the default if no target is provided)
@echo ... clean
@echo ... depend
@echo ... testf
@echo ... edit_cache
@echo ... rebuild_cache
@echo ... test.obj
@echo ... test.i
@echo ... test.s
.PHONY : help
#=============================================================================
# Special targets to cleanup operation of make.
# Special rule to run CMake to check the build system integrity.
# No rule that depends on this can have commands that come from listfiles
# because they might be regenerated.
cmake_check_build_system:
$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -H$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR) --check-build-system CMakeFiles\Makefile.cmake 0
.PHONY : cmake_check_build_system
版本信息：
我在搜索过程中经历了很多不同的在线页面，而且我并没有全神贯注地跟踪它们，但是这一个特别是我一直遇到的，因为它看起来与它非常相关标题，但实际问题和解决方案完全不是：
答案 0 :(得分：1)
这是一个快速shell会话，展示了我如何使用MSYS2，cmake，make和gfortran构建Fortran程序。您应该尝试运行我所做的相同命令，看看它们是否提供不同的输出然后调查原因。
MSYSTEM变量尤为重要;它取决于你在启动MSYS2时点击的快捷方式。
$ echo $MSYSTEM
MINGW64
$ which cmake
/mingw64/bin/cmake
$ which gfortran
/mingw64/bin/gfortran
$ which make
/usr/bin/make
$ ls
CMakeLists.txt test.f90
$ cat CMakeLists.txt
project(cmake_test Fortran)
add_executable(testf test.f90)
$ cat test.f90
program test
write(*,*)"hello world"
endprogram test
$ mkdir build && cd build
$ cmake -G"MSYS Makefiles" ..
-- The Fortran compiler identification is GNU 6.2.0
-- Check for working Fortran compiler: D:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gfortran.exe
-- Check for working Fortran compiler: D:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gfortran.exe -- works
-- Detecting Fortran compiler ABI info
-- Detecting Fortran compiler ABI info - done
-- Checking whether D:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gfortran.exe supports Fortran 90
-- Checking whether D:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gfortran.exe supports Fortran 90 -- yes
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: C:/Users/david/Documents/scraps/test_fortran/build
$ make
Scanning dependencies of target testf
[ 50%] Building Fortran object CMakeFiles/testf.dir/test.f90.obj
[100%] Linking Fortran executable testf.exe
[100%] Built target testf
$ ./testf.exe
hello world
答案 1 :(得分：0)
编辑：这里有一个有效的解决方案 - 直到最后！
感谢David Grayson对原始问题的评论，我找到了部分解决方案。 “部分”，因为它使用f95而不是gfortran。我发布它是因为它可能适用于其他人，如果我能够弄清楚如何让它与gfortran一起工作，我会更新它。
原来问题是一个非常简单的错误：我使用的是“MinGW Makefiles”的“MSYS Makefiles”。
但是当我只更改了它时，当我点击配置时，我在CMake-GUI中得到了以下输出：
CMake Error: CMake was unable to find a build program corresponding to "MSYS Makefiles". CMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM is not set. You probably need to select a different build tool.
CMake Error: CMake was unable to find a build program corresponding to "MSYS Makefiles". CMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM is not set. You probably need to select a different build tool.
CMake Error: CMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER not set, after EnableLanguage
CMake Error: CMAKE_AR was not found, please set to archive program. Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
要解决此问题，我再次更改了Windows路径。我一直在使用;C:\msys64\mingw64\bin，因此我将其切换为;C:\msys64\usr\bin。
然后工作了（我点击了第二次配置，单击Generate，然后通过make目录中的MSYS2终端运行/build），但正如您在下面的输出中看到的那样，使用f95而不是gfortran：
The Fortran compiler identification is GNU 5.3.0
Check for working Fortran compiler: C:/msys64/usr/bin/f95.exe
Check for working Fortran compiler: C:/msys64/usr/bin/f95.exe -- works
Detecting Fortran compiler ABI info
Detecting Fortran compiler ABI info - done
Checking whether C:/msys64/usr/bin/f95.exe supports Fortran 90
Checking whether C:/msys64/usr/bin/f95.exe supports Fortran 90 -- yes
Configuring done
我仍在努力让它使用gfortran，如果我弄明白的话，我会更新这个解决方案。
修改
好的，这显然更像是一个黑客，我相信有更好的解决方案。我将C:\msys64\usr\bin\f95.exe重命名为其他内容（以便MSYS2在找到gfortran之前不会将其视为另一个Fortran编译器）。我还必须清除CMake的缓存并重新启动它。但现在它起作用了：
The Fortran compiler identification is GNU 5.3.0
Check for working Fortran compiler: C:/msys64/usr/bin/gfortran.exe
Check for working Fortran compiler: C:/msys64/usr/bin/gfortran.exe -- works
Detecting Fortran compiler ABI info
Detecting Fortran compiler ABI info - done
Checking whether C:/msys64/usr/bin/gfortran.exe supports Fortran 90
Checking whether C:/msys64/usr/bin/gfortran.exe supports Fortran 90 -- yes
Configuring done
努力找出如何以“正确”的方式做到这一点。
修改
好吧，我猜这是更合适的方法，因为我认为它实际上与从那里调用CMake时在命令行上设置环境变量一样。
在CMake-GUI中，我按照前面的说明设置了所有内容，但在第一次单击“配置”之前，我点击了带有小加号的“添加条目”按钮。然后我设置了两个新的缓存条目 - 尽管只有一个是非常必要的：
Name: CMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER
Type: FILEPATH
Value: C:\msys64\usr\bin\gfortran.exe
我还设置了以下内容，但这只是为了验证它是否正确调用了gfortran，正如您将在下面的输出中看到的那样：
Name: CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE
Type: BOOL
Value: [True]
然后，在MSYS2终端中运行make，我得到以下内容：
$ make
"/C/Program Files (x86)/CMake/bin/cmake.exe" -H/C/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake -B/C/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
"/C/Program Files (x86)/CMake/bin/cmake.exe" -E cmake_progress_start /C/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build/CMakeFiles /C/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build/CMakeFiles/progress.marks
make -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 all
make[1]: Entering directory '/c/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build'
make -f CMakeFiles/testf.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/testf.dir/depend
make[2]: Entering directory '/c/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build'
"/C/Program Files (x86)/CMake/bin/cmake.exe" -E cmake_depends "MSYS Makefiles" /C/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake /C/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake /C/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build /C/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build /C/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build/CMakeFiles/testf.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
Scanning dependencies of target testf
make[2]: Leaving directory '/c/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build'
make -f CMakeFiles/testf.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/testf.dir/requires
make[2]: Entering directory '/c/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build'
make[2]: Nothing to be done for 'CMakeFiles/testf.dir/requires'.
make[2]: Leaving directory '/c/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build'
make -f CMakeFiles/testf.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/testf.dir/build
make[2]: Entering directory '/c/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build'
[ 50%] Building Fortran object CMakeFiles/testf.dir/test.f90.obj
/C/msys64/usr/bin/gfortran.exe -c /C/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/test.f90 -o CMakeFiles/testf.dir/test.f90.obj
[100%] Linking Fortran executable testf.exe
"/C/Program Files (x86)/CMake/bin/cmake.exe" -E remove -f CMakeFiles/testf.dir/objects.a
/C/msys64/usr/bin/ar.exe cr CMakeFiles/testf.dir/objects.a @CMakeFiles/testf.dir/objects1.rsp
/C/msys64/usr/bin/gfortran.exe -Wl,--whole-archive CMakeFiles/testf.dir/objects.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive -o testf.exe -Wl,--out-implib,libtestf.dll.a -Wl,--major-image-version,0,--minor-image-version,0
make[2]: Leaving directory '/c/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build'
[100%] Built target testf
make[1]: Leaving directory '/c/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build'
"/C/Program Files (x86)/CMake/bin/cmake.exe" -E cmake_progress_start /C/Users/myself/Desktop/dll_test/with_fortran_cmake/build/CMakeFiles 0
结果程序通过MSYS2终端和Windows命令提示符工作。
...现在我需要弄清楚如何在Visual Studio中将这一切与C ++结合在一起。请继续关注更多SO问题！ ：d