我遇到了这个程序的问题,当我使用stdin时它工作得很好但是当我修改它以从命令行获取字符时它不会。我知道我做错了什么但不知道是什么,任何帮助都会非常感激。
描述和代码:
/* Program prints the date in this form: September 13, 2010
allow the user to enter date in either 9-13-2010 or 9/13/2010
format, otherwise print 'error' */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
char *month(int m)
{
char *months[]={"January","February","March","April","May",
"June", "July","August","September","October",
"November","December"};
return months[m-1];
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int m=0,d=0,y=0;
FILE *fp;
if((fp=fopen(argv[1],"rb")) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Couldn't open the file. ");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Type a date (mm-dd-yyyy) or (mm/dd/yyyy): \n");
if(fscanf(fp,"%d%*[/-]%d%*[/-]%d",&m,&d,&y) != 3) //store characters in variables
{
fprintf(stderr, "Not properly formatted.");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("%s %2d, %4d",month(m),d,y);
return 0;
}
输入:
01/30/1990
输出:
Couldn't open the file.
答案 0 :(得分:2)
我修改了你的程序以解决你遇到的问题(并修复了一些未定义的行为,或者#34; UB&#34;简而言之),但仅限于:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
const char *month(int m) {
const char const *months[] = {
"January", "February", "March", "April",
"May", "June", "July", "August",
"September", "October", "November", "December",
};
if (1 <= m && m <= 12) {
return months[m - 1];
} else {
return NULL;
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int m = 0, d = 0, y = 0;
if (argc == 2) {
if (sscanf(argv[1], "%d%*[/-]%d%*[/-]%d", &m, &d, &y) != 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "Not properly formatted.");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("%s %2d, %4d", month(m), d, y);
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Please provide one date argument to the program, formatted as mm-dd-yyyy or mm/dd/yyyy\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
return 0;
}
改变了什么?
month()
的返回类型。它的数组由字符串文字支持,所以你不应该在程序的未来版本中意外修改它们,这会导致UB。month()
中介绍了范围检查。当m
太小(例如0/0/0
)或太大(例如25/09/2016
)时,它会返回空指针,从而阻止某些UB。argv
中的文件名打开文件,只想将argv[1]
用作字符串。argv[1]
是否存在。 argc
包含argv
的大小,如果它是2
,则argv
包含程序的名称及其第一个命令行参数。fscanf
更改为sscanf
。答案 1 :(得分:0)
这里我们有一个通用的解决方案。日期可以通过文件(fscanf),命令行(sscanf)或键入(scanf)传递。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
char* month(int m)
{
char* months[] = { "January", "February", "March", "April", "May",
"June", "July", "August", "September", "October",
"November", "December" };
return months[m - 1];
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int m = 0, d = 0, y = 0;
FILE* fp;
int wrongFormat = 0;
if (argc > 1)
{
if ((fp = fopen(argv[1], "rb")) == NULL)
{
if (sscanf(argv[1], "%d%*[/-]%d%*[/-]%d", &m, &d, &y) != 3)
wrongFormat = 1;
}
else
{
if (fscanf(fp, "%d%*[/-]%d%*[/-]%d", &m, &d, &y) != 3)
wrongFormat = 1;
}
}
else
{
printf("Type a date (mm-dd-yyyy) or (mm/dd/yyyy): \n");
if (scanf("%d%*[/-]%d%*[/-]%d", &m, &d, &y) != 3)
wrongFormat = 1;
}
if (wrongFormat)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Not properly formatted.");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("%s %2d, %4d\n", month(m), d, y);
return 0;
}