需要帮助将API PUT方法添加到Python脚本

Question

我使用下面的脚本从服务器收集库存信息并将其发送到名为Device42的产品。该脚本当前有效，但我尝试添加的API之一使用PUT而不是POST。我不是程序员，只是开始在这个脚本中使用python。这个脚本使用的是铁蟒。可以在此脚本中使用PUT方法吗？

"""
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
"""
##################################################
# a sample script to show how to use
#   /api/ip/add-or-update
#   /api/device/add-or-update
#
# requires ironPython (http://ironpython.codeplex.com/) and
# powershell (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/968929)
##################################################

import clr

clr.AddReference('System.Management.Automation')

from System.Management.Automation import (
PSMethod, RunspaceInvoke
)
RUNSPACE = RunspaceInvoke()

import urllib
import urllib2
import traceback
import base64
import math
import ssl
import functools
BASE_URL='https://device42_URL'

API_DEVICE_URL=BASE_URL+'/api/1.0/devices/'
API_IP_URL    =BASE_URL+'/api/1.0/ips/'
API_PART_URL=BASE_URL+'/api/1.0/parts/'
API_MOUNTPOINT_URL=BASE_URL+'/api/1.0/device/mountpoints/'
API_CUSTOMFIELD_URL=BASE_URL+'/api/1.0/device/custom_field/'

USER     ='usernme'
PASSWORD ='password'

old_init = ssl.SSLSocket.__init__
@functools.wraps(old_init)
def init_with_tls1(self, *args, **kwargs):
kwargs['ssl_version'] = ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1
old_init(self, *args, **kwargs)
ssl.SSLSocket.__init__ = init_with_tls1

def post(url, params):
"""
http post with basic-auth
params is dict like object
"""
try:
    data= urllib.urlencode(params) # convert to ascii chars
    headers = {
        'Authorization' : 'Basic '+ base64.b64encode(USER + ':' + PASSWORD),
        'Content-Type'  : 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
    }

    req = urllib2.Request(url, data, headers)

    print '---REQUEST---',req.get_full_url()
    print req.headers
    print req.data

    reponse = urllib2.urlopen(req)

    print '---RESPONSE---'
    print reponse.getcode()
    print reponse.info()
    print reponse.read()
except urllib2.HTTPError as err:
    print '---RESPONSE---'
    print err.getcode()
    print err.info()
    print err.read()
except urllib2.URLError as err:
    print '---RESPONSE---'
    print err

def to_ascii(s):
    # ignore non-ascii chars
    return s.encode('ascii','ignore')

def wmi(query):
    return [dict([(prop.Name, prop.Value) for prop in psobj.Properties]) for psobj in RUNSPACE.Invoke(query)]
def closest_memory_assumption(v):
    return int(256 * math.ceil(v / 256.0))

def add_or_update_device():
    computer_system  = wmi('Get-WmiObject Win32_ComputerSystem -Namespace "root\CIMV2"')[0] # take first
    bios             = wmi('Get-WmiObject Win32_BIOS -Namespace "root\CIMV2"')[0]
    operating_system = wmi('Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem -Namespace "root\CIMV2"')[0]
    environment      = wmi('Get-WmiObject Win32Reg_ESFFarmNode -Namespace "root\CIMV2"')[0]
    mem              = closest_memory_assumption(int(computer_system.get('TotalPhysicalMemory')) / 1047552)
    dev_name         = to_ascii(computer_system.get('Name')).upper()
    fqdn_name        = to_ascii(computer_system.get('Name')).upper() + '.' + to_ascii(computer_system.get('Domain')).lower()
device = {
    'memory'        : mem,
    'os'            : to_ascii(operating_system.get('Caption')),
    'osver'         : operating_system.get('OSArchitecture'),
    'osmanufacturer': to_ascii(operating_system.get('Manufacturer')),
    'osserial'      : operating_system.get('SerialNumber'),
    'osverno'       : operating_system.get('Version'),
    'service_level' : environment.get('Environment'),
    'notes'         : 'Test w/ Change to Device name collection'
}
devicedmn = ''
for dmn in ['Domain1', 'Domain2', 'Domain3', 'Domain4', 'Domain5']:
    if dmn == to_ascii(computer_system.get('Domain')).strip():
        devicedmn = 'Domain'
        device.update({ 'name' : fqdn_name, })
        break    
if devicedmn != 'Domain':
    device.update({
        'name': dev_name,
        })
manufacturer = ''
for mftr in ['VMware, Inc.', 'Bochs', 'KVM', 'QEMU', 'Microsoft Corporation', 'Xen']:
    if mftr == to_ascii(computer_system.get('Manufacturer')).strip():
        manufacturer = 'virtual'
        device.update({ 'manufacturer' : 'vmware', })
        break    
if manufacturer != 'virtual':
    device.update({
        'manufacturer': to_ascii(computer_system.get('Manufacturer')).strip(),
        'hardware': to_ascii(computer_system.get('Model')).strip(),
        'serial_no': to_ascii(bios.get('SerialNumber')).strip(),
        'type': 'Physical',
        })    
cpucount = 0
for cpu in wmi('Get-WmiObject Win32_Processor  -Namespace "root\CIMV2"'):
    cpucount += 1
    cpuspeed = cpu.get('MaxClockSpeed')
    cpucores = cpu.get('NumberOfCores')
if cpucount > 0:

    device.update({
        'cpucount': cpucount,
        'cpupower': cpuspeed,
        'cpucore':  cpucores,
        })
hddcount = 0
hddsize = 0
for hdd in wmi('Get-WmiObject Win32_LogicalDisk  -Namespace "root\CIMV2" | where{$_.Size -gt 1}'):
    hddcount += 1
    hddsize += hdd.get('Size') / 1073741742
if hddcount > 0:

    device.update({
        'hddcount': hddcount,
        'hddsize': hddsize,
        })
post(API_DEVICE_URL, device)

for hdd in wmi('Get-WmiObject Win32_LogicalDisk  -Namespace "root\CIMV2" | where{$_.Size -gt 1}'):
    mountpoint = {
          'mountpoint' : hdd.get('Name'),
          'label' : hdd.get('Caption'),
          'fstype' : hdd.get('FileSystem'),
          'capacity' : hdd.get('Size') / 1024 / 1024,
          'free_capacity' : hdd.get('FreeSpace') / 1024 / 1024,
          'device' : dev_name,
          'assignment' : 'Device',
    }
    post(API_MOUNTPOINT_URL, mountpoint)

network_adapter_configuration = wmi('Get-WmiObject Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration -Namespace "root\CIMV2" | where{$_.IPEnabled -eq "True"}')

for ntwk in network_adapter_configuration:
    for ipaddr in ntwk.get('IPAddress'):
        ip = {
            'ipaddress'  : ipaddr,
            'macaddress' : ntwk.get('MACAddress'),
            'label'      : ntwk.get('Description'),
            'device'     : dev_name,
        }
        post(API_IP_URL, ip)

def main():
    try:
        add_or_update_device()
    except:
        traceback.print_exc()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Answer 1

首先，首先需要了解PUT和POST之间的区别。我会写出来，但社区的另一位成员对这两个here进行了很好的描述。

现在，是的，您可以使用该脚本的请求。下面是一个使用python请求库的示例，如果安装了pip就安装请求，请按以下方式安装：

pip install requests

现在，为了避免使用Requests库的一些示例，可以找到文档here。

HTTP获取请求。因此，对于此示例，您从请求库中调用get函数，将url作为参数，然后您可以从返回的touple中打印出文本。由于GET会返回某些内容，因此它通常位于touple的文本部分，允许您打印它。

r = requests.get('http://urlhere.com/apistuffhere')
print(r.text)

HTTP POST：发布到网址，取决于API的设置方式会返回一些内容，通常用于错误处理，但您还必须传入参数。以下是对新用户条目的POST请求的示例。同样，您可以打印来自touple的文本以检查来自API的响应

payload = {'username': 'myloginname', 'password': 'passwordhere'}
r = requests.post('https://testlogin.com/newuserEntry', params=payload)
print(r.text)

或者你可以只打印r，它应该返回一个应该成功的响应200。

对于PUT：你必须记住，把响应不能缓存，所以你可以将数据发布到PUT url，但你不会知道是否有错误，但使用与POST相同的语法。我没有尝试使用Request库在PUT请求中打印出文本响应，因为我没有在我编写的任何API中使用PUT。

requests.put('http://urlhere.com/putextension')

现在要将这个实现到您的代码中，您已经拥有了url的基础，在您的帖子中只需执行以下操作：

payload = {'username': USERNAME, 'passwd':PASSWORD}
r = requests.post('https://loginurlhere.com/', params=payload)
#check response by printing text
print (r.text)

至于将数据放到api的扩展中，让我们假设您已经准备好了有效负载变量以及您需要的信息，例如API设备扩展：

requests.put(API_DEVICE, params=payload)

那应该投入网址。如果您在下面有任何问题，我可以根据您的意愿回答。

Answer 2

我的标准答案是用Requests包替换urllib2。它使HTTP工作变得更加容易。

但是看看this SO answer是否有“黑客”让PUT正常工作。