我有stored procedure
会插入大量记录,现在有可能将数据并行插入3 tables
;
table
插入100万条记录。table
插入150万条记录。table
插入500k记录据我所知 - 程序插入是一个接一个地发生的。
那么如何实现并行加载呢?
答案 0 :(得分:16)
语句在T-SQL批处理中同步执行。要从存储过程异步并行地执行多个语句,您需要使用多个并发数据库连接。请注意,异步执行的棘手部分不仅要确定所有任务何时完成,还要确定它们是成功还是失败。
方法1:SSIS包
创建一个SSIS包以并行执行3个SQL语句。在SQL 2012及更高版本中,使用SSIS目录存储过程运行包。在Pre-SQL 2012之前,您需要为包创建一个SQL Agent作业并使用sp_start_job启动。
您需要检查SSIS执行状态或SQL代理作业状态,以确定完成情况和成功/失败结果。
方法2:Powershell和SQL代理
执行运行Powershell脚本的SQL代理作业,该脚本使用Powershell后台作业(Start-Job命令)并行执行查询。该脚本可以返回退出代码,成功为零,失败为非零,以便SQL代理可以确定它是否成功。检查SQL代理作业状态以确定完成和成功/失败结果。
方法3:多个SQL代理作业
同时执行多个SQL代理作业,每个作业都包含一个包含导入脚本的T-SQL作业步骤。检查每个作业的SQL代理作业状态以确定完成和成功/失败结果。
方法4:Service Broker 使用队列激活的proc来并行执行导入脚本。如果您之前没有使用过Service Broker,那么这可能是迟钝的,并且遵循审查模式很重要。我已经包含了一个示例来帮助您入门(使用RAISERROR替换THROW for pre-SQL 2012)。数据库必须启用Service Broker,默认情况下已启用,但在还原或附加后关闭。
USE YourDatabase;
Go
--create proc that will be automatically executed (activated) when requests are waiting
CREATE PROC dbo.ExecuteTSqlTask
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE
@TSqlJobConversationHandle uniqueidentifier = NEWID()
, @TSqlExecutionRequestMessage xml
, @TSqlExecutionResultMessage xml
, @TSqlExecutionResult varchar(10)
, @TSqlExecutionResultDetails nvarchar(MAX)
, @TSqlScript nvarchar(MAX)
, @TSqlTaskName sysname
, @RowsAffected int
, @message_type_name sysname;
WHILE 1 = 1
BEGIN
--get the next task to execute
WAITFOR (
RECEIVE TOP (1)
@TSqlJobConversationHandle = conversation_handle
, @TSqlExecutionRequestMessage = CAST(message_body AS xml)
, @message_type_name = message_type_name
FROM dbo.TSqlExecutionQueue
), TIMEOUT 1000;
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
--no work to do - exit
BREAK;
END;
IF @message_type_name = N'TSqlExecutionRequest'
BEGIN
--get task name and script
SELECT
@TSqlTaskName = @TSqlExecutionRequestMessage.value('(/TSqlTaskName)[1]', 'sysname')
, @TSqlScript = @TSqlExecutionRequestMessage.value('(/TSqlScript)[1]', 'nvarchar(MAX)');
--execute script
BEGIN TRY
EXEC sp_executesql @TSqlScript;
SET @RowsAffected = @@ROWCOUNT;
SET @TSqlExecutionResult = 'Completed';
SET @TSqlExecutionResultDetails = CAST(@RowsAffected as varchar(10)) + ' rows affected';
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
SET @TSqlExecutionResult = 'Erred';
SET @TSqlExecutionResultDetails =
'Msg ' + CAST(ERROR_NUMBER() AS varchar(10))
+ ', Level ' + CAST(ERROR_SEVERITY() AS varchar(2))
+ ', State ' + CAST(ERROR_STATE() AS varchar(10))
+ ', Line ' + CAST(ERROR_LINE() AS varchar(10))
+ ': ' + ERROR_MESSAGE();
END CATCH;
--send execution result back to initiator
SET @TSqlExecutionResultMessage = '<TSqlTaskName /><TSqlExecutionResult /><TSqlExecutionResultDetails />';
SET @TSqlExecutionResultMessage.modify('insert text {sql:variable("@TSqlTaskName")} into (/TSqlTaskName)[1] ');
SET @TSqlExecutionResultMessage.modify('insert text {sql:variable("@TSqlExecutionResult")} into (/TSqlExecutionResult)[1] ');
SET @TSqlExecutionResultMessage.modify('insert text {sql:variable("@TSqlExecutionResultDetails")} into (/TSqlExecutionResultDetails)[1] ');
SEND ON CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle
MESSAGE TYPE TSqlExecutionResult
(@TSqlExecutionResultMessage);
END
ELSE
BEGIN
IF @message_type_name = N'TSqlJobComplete'
BEGIN
--service has ended conversation so we're not going to get any more execution requests
END CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle;
END
ELSE
BEGIN
END CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle WITH ERROR = 1 DESCRIPTION = 'Unexpected message type received by ExecuteTSqlTask';
RAISERROR('Unexpected message type received (%s) by ExecuteTSqlTask', 16, 1, @message_type_name);
END;
END;
END;
GO
CREATE QUEUE dbo.TSqlResultQueue;
CREATE QUEUE dbo.TSqlExecutionQueue
WITH STATUS=ON,
ACTIVATION (
STATUS = ON
, PROCEDURE_NAME = dbo.ExecuteTSqlTask
, MAX_QUEUE_READERS = 3 --max number of concurrent activated proc instances
, EXECUTE AS OWNER
);
CREATE MESSAGE TYPE TSqlExecutionRequest VALIDATION = WELL_FORMED_XML;
CREATE MESSAGE TYPE TSqlExecutionResult VALIDATION = WELL_FORMED_XML;
CREATE MESSAGE TYPE TSqlJobComplete VALIDATION = WELL_FORMED_XML;
CREATE CONTRACT TSqlExecutionContract (
TSqlExecutionRequest SENT BY INITIATOR
, TSqlJobComplete SENT BY INITIATOR
, TSqlExecutionResult SENT BY TARGET
);
CREATE SERVICE TSqlJobService ON QUEUE dbo.TSqlResultQueue ([TSqlExecutionContract]);
CREATE SERVICE TSqlExecutorService ON QUEUE dbo.TSqlExecutionQueue ([TSqlExecutionContract]);
GO
CREATE PROC dbo.ExecuteParallelImportScripts
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE
@TSqlJobConversationHandle uniqueidentifier
, @TSqlExecutionRequestMessage xml
, @TSqlExecutionResultMessage xml
, @TSqlExecutionResult varchar(10)
, @TSqlExecutionResultDetails nvarchar(MAX)
, @TSqlTaskName sysname
, @CompletedCount int = 0
, @ErredCount int = 0
, @message_type_name sysname;
DECLARE @TsqlTask TABLE(
TSqlTaskName sysname NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY
, TSqlScript nvarchar(MAX) NOT NULL
);
BEGIN TRY
--insert a row for each import task
INSERT INTO @TsqlTask(TSqlTaskName, TSqlScript)
VALUES(N'ImportScript1', N'INSERT INTO dbo.Table1 SELECT * FROM dbo.Table1Staging;');
INSERT INTO @TsqlTask(TSqlTaskName, TSqlScript)
VALUES(N'ImportScript2', N'INSERT INTO dbo.Table2 SELECT * FROM dbo.Table2Staging;');
INSERT INTO @TsqlTask(TSqlTaskName, TSqlScript)
VALUES(N'ImportScript3', N'INSERT INTO dbo.Table3 SELECT * FROM dbo.Table3Staging;');
--start a conversation for this import process
BEGIN DIALOG CONVERSATION @TsqlJobConversationHandle
FROM SERVICE TSqlJobService
TO SERVICE 'TSqlExecutorService', 'CURRENT DATABASE'
ON CONTRACT TSqlExecutionContract
WITH ENCRYPTION = OFF;
--send import tasks to executor service for parallel execution
DECLARE JobTasks CURSOR LOCAL FAST_FORWARD FOR
SELECT (SELECT TSqlTaskName, TSqlScript
FROM @TsqlTask AS task
WHERE task.TSqlTaskName = job.TSqlTaskName
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE) AS TSqlExecutionRequest
FROM @TsqlTask AS job;
OPEN JobTasks;
WHILE 1 = 1
BEGIN
FETCH NEXT FROM JobTasks INTO @TSqlExecutionRequestMessage;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS = -1 BREAK;
SEND ON CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle
MESSAGE TYPE TSqlExecutionRequest
(@TSqlExecutionRequestMessage);
END;
CLOSE JobTasks;
DEALLOCATE JobTasks;
--get each parallel task execution result until all are complete
WHILE 1 = 1
BEGIN
--get next task result
WAITFOR (
RECEIVE TOP (1)
@TSqlExecutionResultMessage = CAST(message_body AS xml)
, @message_type_name = message_type_name
FROM dbo.TSqlResultQueue
WHERE conversation_handle = @TSqlJobConversationHandle
), TIMEOUT 1000;
IF @@ROWCOUNT <> 0
BEGIN
IF @message_type_name = N'TSqlExecutionResult'
BEGIN
--get result of import script execution
SELECT
@TSqlTaskName = @TSqlExecutionResultMessage.value('(/TSqlTaskName)[1]', 'sysname')
, @TSqlExecutionResult = @TSqlExecutionResultMessage.value('(/TSqlExecutionResult)[1]', 'varchar(10)')
, @TSqlExecutionResultDetails = COALESCE(@TSqlExecutionResultMessage.value('(/TSqlExecutionResultDetails)[1]', 'nvarchar(MAX)'), N'');
RAISERROR('Import task %s %s: %s', 0, 0, @TSqlTaskName, @TSqlExecutionResult, @TSqlExecutionResultDetails) WITH NOWAIT;
IF @TSqlExecutionResult = 'Completed'
BEGIN
SET @CompletedCount += 1;
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET @ErredCount += 1;
END;
--remove task from tracking table after completion
DELETE FROM @TSqlTask
WHERE TSqlTaskName = @TSqlTaskName;
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM @TsqlTask)
BEGIN
--all tasks are done - send TSqlJobComplete message to instruct executor service to end conversation
SEND ON CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle
MESSAGE TYPE TSqlJobComplete;
END
END
ELSE
BEGIN
IF @message_type_name = N'http://schemas.microsoft.com/SQL/ServiceBroker/EndDialog'
BEGIN
--executor service has ended conversation so we're done
END CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle;
BREAK;
END
ELSE
BEGIN
END CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle WITH ERROR = 1 DESCRIPTION = 'Unexpected message type received by ExecuteParallelInserts';
RAISERROR('Unexpected message type received (%s) by ExecuteParallelInserts', 16, 1, @message_type_name);
END;
END
END;
END;
RAISERROR('Import processing completed. CompletedCount=%d, ErredCount=%d.', 0, 0, @CompletedCount, @ErredCount);
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
THROW;
END CATCH;
GO
--execute import scripts in parallel
EXEC dbo.ExecuteParallelImportScripts;
GO
答案 1 :(得分:9)
您可以尝试创建三个作业并并行执行插入脚本,如下所示:
DECLARE @jobId BINARY(16)
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_job @job_name=N'Job1',
@enabled=1,
@description=N'No description available.',
@job_id = @jobId OUTPUT
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobstep @job_id=@jobId, @step_name=N'Insert into First Table',
@step_id=1,
@cmdexec_success_code=0,
@on_success_action=1,
@on_success_step_id=0,
@on_fail_action=2,
@on_fail_step_id=0,
@retry_attempts=0,
@retry_interval=0,
@os_run_priority=0, @subsystem=N'TSQL',
@command=N'--Insert script for first table',
@database_name=N'Test',
@flags=0
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobserver @job_id = @jobId, @server_name = N'(local)'
GO
DECLARE @jobId BINARY(16)
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_job @job_name=N'Job2',
@enabled=1,
@description=N'No description available.',
@job_id = @jobId OUTPUT
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobstep @job_id=@jobId, @step_name=N'Insert into second Table',
@step_id=1,
@cmdexec_success_code=0,
@on_success_action=1,
@on_success_step_id=0,
@on_fail_action=2,
@on_fail_step_id=0,
@retry_attempts=0,
@retry_interval=0,
@os_run_priority=0, @subsystem=N'TSQL',
@command=N'--Insert script for second table',
@database_name=N'Test',
@flags=0
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobserver @job_id = @jobId, @server_name = N'(local)'
GO
DECLARE @jobId BINARY(16)
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_job @job_name=N'Job3',
@enabled=1,
@description=N'No description available.',
@job_id = @jobId OUTPUT
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobstep @job_id=@jobId, @step_name=N'Insert into Third Table',
@step_id=1,
@cmdexec_success_code=0,
@on_success_action=1,
@on_success_step_id=0,
@on_fail_action=2,
@on_fail_step_id=0,
@retry_attempts=0,
@retry_interval=0,
@os_run_priority=0, @subsystem=N'TSQL',
@command=N'--Insert script for third table',
@database_name=N'Test',
@flags=0
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobserver @job_id = @jobId, @server_name = N'(local)'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_start_job N'Job1' ; --All will execute in parallel
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_start_job N'Job2' ;
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_start_job N'Job3' ;
答案 2 :(得分:2)
假设您希望所有插入的插入日期值相同,请将日期参数设置为当前日期,如图所示。
DECLARE @InsertDate as date
SET @InsertDate = GetDate()
然后,将insert date参数传递给insert存储过程并相应地更新此存储过程以使用该输入。这将确保所有插入使用相同的插入日期值。
EXEC dbo.InsertTables123 @p1 = @InsertDate
如果需要,还可以手动分配@InsertDate输入参数,如果不是当前日期。
答案 3 :(得分:1)
对于您的过程,我假设您有tableName和文件位置作为参数。
如果你有一个有3百万条记录的大文件,你必须将文件拆分成3个小文件(如果你知道除了sql以外的任何其他语言),那么你可以打开3个Sql服务器控制台命令行,并在每个控制台中调用该过程。它会使插入平行。或者您知道任何其他编程语言,您可以使用多个线程来调用该过程。
答案 4 :(得分:-2)
这三个表的结构和内容是否相同?
如果是,请使用跨国/合并replication
或者,在第一个表格中创建trigger
以插入第二个和第三个table