Question

我有stored procedure会插入大量记录，现在有可能将数据并行插入3 tables;

首先table插入100万条记录。
第二个table插入150万条记录。
第三次table插入500k记录

据我所知 - 程序插入是一个接一个地发生的。

那么如何实现并行加载呢？

Answer 1

语句在T-SQL批处理中同步执行。要从存储过程异步并行地执行多个语句，您需要使用多个并发数据库连接。请注意，异步执行的棘手部分不仅要确定所有任务何时完成，还要确定它们是成功还是失败。

方法1：SSIS包

创建一个SSIS包以并行执行3个SQL语句。在SQL 2012及更高版本中，使用SSIS目录存储过程运行包。在Pre-SQL 2012之前，您需要为包创建一个SQL Agent作业并使用sp_start_job启动。

您需要检查SSIS执行状态或SQL代理作业状态，以确定完成情况和成功/失败结果。

方法2：Powershell和SQL代理

执行运行Powershell脚本的SQL代理作业，该脚本使用Powershell后台作业（Start-Job命令）并行执行查询。该脚本可以返回退出代码，成功为零，失败为非零，以便SQL代理可以确定它是否成功。检查SQL代理作业状态以确定完成和成功/失败结果。

方法3：多个SQL代理作业

同时执行多个SQL代理作业，每个作业都包含一个包含导入脚本的T-SQL作业步骤。检查每个作业的SQL代理作业状态以确定完成和成功/失败结果。

方法4：Service Broker 使用队列激活的proc来并行执行导入脚本。如果您之前没有使用过Service Broker，那么这可能是迟钝的，并且遵循审查模式很重要。我已经包含了一个示例来帮助您入门（使用RAISERROR替换THROW for pre-SQL 2012）。数据库必须启用Service Broker，默认情况下已启用，但在还原或附加后关闭。

USE YourDatabase;
Go

--create proc that will be automatically executed (activated) when requests are waiting
CREATE PROC dbo.ExecuteTSqlTask
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON;

DECLARE
      @TSqlJobConversationHandle uniqueidentifier = NEWID()
    , @TSqlExecutionRequestMessage xml
    , @TSqlExecutionResultMessage xml
    , @TSqlExecutionResult varchar(10)
    , @TSqlExecutionResultDetails nvarchar(MAX)
    , @TSqlScript nvarchar(MAX)
    , @TSqlTaskName sysname
    , @RowsAffected int
    , @message_type_name sysname;

WHILE 1 = 1
BEGIN

    --get the next task to execute
    WAITFOR (
        RECEIVE TOP (1)
              @TSqlJobConversationHandle = conversation_handle
            , @TSqlExecutionRequestMessage = CAST(message_body AS xml)
            , @message_type_name = message_type_name
        FROM dbo.TSqlExecutionQueue
        ), TIMEOUT 1000;

    IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
    BEGIN
        --no work to do - exit
        BREAK;
    END;

    IF @message_type_name = N'TSqlExecutionRequest'
    BEGIN

        --get task name and script
        SELECT
              @TSqlTaskName = @TSqlExecutionRequestMessage.value('(/TSqlTaskName)[1]', 'sysname')
            , @TSqlScript = @TSqlExecutionRequestMessage.value('(/TSqlScript)[1]', 'nvarchar(MAX)');

        --execute script
        BEGIN TRY
            EXEC sp_executesql @TSqlScript;
            SET @RowsAffected = @@ROWCOUNT;
            SET @TSqlExecutionResult = 'Completed';
            SET @TSqlExecutionResultDetails = CAST(@RowsAffected as varchar(10)) + ' rows affected';
        END TRY
        BEGIN CATCH
            SET @TSqlExecutionResult = 'Erred';
            SET @TSqlExecutionResultDetails = 
                  'Msg ' + CAST(ERROR_NUMBER() AS varchar(10))
                + ', Level ' + CAST(ERROR_SEVERITY() AS varchar(2))
                + ', State ' + CAST(ERROR_STATE() AS varchar(10))
                + ', Line ' + CAST(ERROR_LINE() AS varchar(10))
                + ': ' + ERROR_MESSAGE();
        END CATCH;

        --send execution result back to initiator
        SET @TSqlExecutionResultMessage = '<TSqlTaskName /><TSqlExecutionResult /><TSqlExecutionResultDetails />';
        SET @TSqlExecutionResultMessage.modify('insert text {sql:variable("@TSqlTaskName")} into (/TSqlTaskName)[1] ');
        SET @TSqlExecutionResultMessage.modify('insert text {sql:variable("@TSqlExecutionResult")} into (/TSqlExecutionResult)[1] ');
        SET @TSqlExecutionResultMessage.modify('insert text {sql:variable("@TSqlExecutionResultDetails")} into (/TSqlExecutionResultDetails)[1] ');
        SEND ON CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle
            MESSAGE TYPE TSqlExecutionResult
            (@TSqlExecutionResultMessage);

    END
    ELSE
    BEGIN
        IF @message_type_name = N'TSqlJobComplete'
        BEGIN
            --service has ended conversation so we're not going to get any more execution requests
            END CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle;
        END
        ELSE
        BEGIN
            END CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle WITH ERROR = 1 DESCRIPTION = 'Unexpected message type received by ExecuteTSqlTask';
            RAISERROR('Unexpected message type received (%s) by ExecuteTSqlTask', 16, 1, @message_type_name);
        END;
    END;
END;
GO

CREATE QUEUE dbo.TSqlResultQueue;
CREATE QUEUE dbo.TSqlExecutionQueue
    WITH STATUS=ON,
    ACTIVATION (
          STATUS = ON
        , PROCEDURE_NAME = dbo.ExecuteTSqlTask
        , MAX_QUEUE_READERS = 3 --max number of concurrent activated proc instances 
        , EXECUTE AS OWNER
        );
CREATE MESSAGE TYPE TSqlExecutionRequest VALIDATION = WELL_FORMED_XML;
CREATE MESSAGE TYPE TSqlExecutionResult VALIDATION = WELL_FORMED_XML;
CREATE MESSAGE TYPE TSqlJobComplete VALIDATION = WELL_FORMED_XML;
CREATE CONTRACT TSqlExecutionContract (
      TSqlExecutionRequest SENT BY INITIATOR
    , TSqlJobComplete SENT BY INITIATOR
    , TSqlExecutionResult SENT BY TARGET
    );
CREATE SERVICE TSqlJobService ON QUEUE dbo.TSqlResultQueue ([TSqlExecutionContract]);
CREATE SERVICE TSqlExecutorService ON QUEUE dbo.TSqlExecutionQueue ([TSqlExecutionContract]);
GO

CREATE PROC dbo.ExecuteParallelImportScripts
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON;

DECLARE
      @TSqlJobConversationHandle uniqueidentifier
    , @TSqlExecutionRequestMessage xml
    , @TSqlExecutionResultMessage xml
    , @TSqlExecutionResult varchar(10)
    , @TSqlExecutionResultDetails nvarchar(MAX)
    , @TSqlTaskName sysname
    , @CompletedCount int = 0
    , @ErredCount int = 0
    , @message_type_name sysname;

DECLARE @TsqlTask TABLE(
      TSqlTaskName sysname NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 
    , TSqlScript nvarchar(MAX) NOT NULL
    );

BEGIN TRY

    --insert a row for each import task
    INSERT INTO @TsqlTask(TSqlTaskName, TSqlScript) 
        VALUES(N'ImportScript1', N'INSERT INTO dbo.Table1 SELECT * FROM dbo.Table1Staging;');
    INSERT INTO @TsqlTask(TSqlTaskName, TSqlScript) 
        VALUES(N'ImportScript2', N'INSERT INTO dbo.Table2 SELECT * FROM dbo.Table2Staging;');
    INSERT INTO @TsqlTask(TSqlTaskName, TSqlScript) 
        VALUES(N'ImportScript3', N'INSERT INTO dbo.Table3 SELECT * FROM dbo.Table3Staging;');

    --start a conversation for this import process
    BEGIN DIALOG CONVERSATION @TsqlJobConversationHandle
        FROM SERVICE TSqlJobService
        TO SERVICE 'TSqlExecutorService', 'CURRENT DATABASE'
        ON CONTRACT TSqlExecutionContract
        WITH ENCRYPTION = OFF;

    --send import tasks to executor service for parallel execution
    DECLARE JobTasks CURSOR LOCAL FAST_FORWARD FOR
        SELECT (SELECT TSqlTaskName, TSqlScript
            FROM @TsqlTask AS task 
            WHERE task.TSqlTaskName = job.TSqlTaskName
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE) AS TSqlExecutionRequest
        FROM @TsqlTask AS job;
    OPEN JobTasks;
    WHILE 1 = 1
    BEGIN
        FETCH NEXT FROM JobTasks INTO @TSqlExecutionRequestMessage;
        IF @@FETCH_STATUS = -1 BREAK;
        SEND ON CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle
            MESSAGE TYPE TSqlExecutionRequest
            (@TSqlExecutionRequestMessage);
    END;
    CLOSE JobTasks;
    DEALLOCATE JobTasks;

    --get each parallel task execution result until all are complete
    WHILE 1 = 1
    BEGIN

        --get next task result
        WAITFOR (
            RECEIVE TOP (1)
                  @TSqlExecutionResultMessage = CAST(message_body AS xml)
                , @message_type_name = message_type_name
            FROM dbo.TSqlResultQueue
            WHERE conversation_handle = @TSqlJobConversationHandle
            ), TIMEOUT 1000;

        IF @@ROWCOUNT <> 0
        BEGIN

            IF @message_type_name = N'TSqlExecutionResult'
            BEGIN

                --get result of import script execution
                SELECT
                      @TSqlTaskName = @TSqlExecutionResultMessage.value('(/TSqlTaskName)[1]', 'sysname')
                    , @TSqlExecutionResult = @TSqlExecutionResultMessage.value('(/TSqlExecutionResult)[1]', 'varchar(10)')
                    , @TSqlExecutionResultDetails = COALESCE(@TSqlExecutionResultMessage.value('(/TSqlExecutionResultDetails)[1]', 'nvarchar(MAX)'), N'');
                RAISERROR('Import task %s %s: %s', 0, 0, @TSqlTaskName, @TSqlExecutionResult, @TSqlExecutionResultDetails) WITH NOWAIT;
                IF @TSqlExecutionResult = 'Completed'
                BEGIN
                    SET @CompletedCount += 1;
                END
                ELSE
                BEGIN
                    SET @ErredCount += 1;
                END;

                --remove task from tracking table after completion
                DELETE FROM @TSqlTask
                WHERE TSqlTaskName = @TSqlTaskName;

                IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM @TsqlTask)
                BEGIN
                    --all tasks are done - send TSqlJobComplete message to instruct executor service to end conversation
                    SEND ON CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle
                        MESSAGE TYPE TSqlJobComplete;
                END
            END
            ELSE
            BEGIN
                IF @message_type_name = N'http://schemas.microsoft.com/SQL/ServiceBroker/EndDialog'
                BEGIN
                    --executor service has ended conversation so we're done
                    END CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle;
                    BREAK;
                END
                ELSE
                BEGIN
                    END CONVERSATION @TSqlJobConversationHandle WITH ERROR = 1 DESCRIPTION = 'Unexpected message type received by ExecuteParallelInserts';
                    RAISERROR('Unexpected message type received (%s) by ExecuteParallelInserts', 16, 1, @message_type_name);
                END;
            END
        END;
    END;
    RAISERROR('Import processing completed. CompletedCount=%d, ErredCount=%d.', 0, 0, @CompletedCount, @ErredCount);
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
    THROW;
END CATCH;
GO

--execute import scripts in parallel
EXEC dbo.ExecuteParallelImportScripts;
GO

Answer 2

您可以尝试创建三个作业并并行执行插入脚本，如下所示：

DECLARE @jobId BINARY(16)
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_job @job_name=N'Job1', 
        @enabled=1,  
        @description=N'No description available.', 
        @job_id = @jobId OUTPUT

EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobstep @job_id=@jobId, @step_name=N'Insert into First Table', 
        @step_id=1, 
        @cmdexec_success_code=0, 
        @on_success_action=1, 
        @on_success_step_id=0, 
        @on_fail_action=2, 
        @on_fail_step_id=0, 
        @retry_attempts=0, 
        @retry_interval=0, 
        @os_run_priority=0, @subsystem=N'TSQL', 
        @command=N'--Insert script for first table', 
        @database_name=N'Test', 
        @flags=0

EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobserver @job_id = @jobId, @server_name = N'(local)'
GO

DECLARE @jobId BINARY(16)
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_job @job_name=N'Job2', 
        @enabled=1,  
        @description=N'No description available.', 
        @job_id = @jobId OUTPUT

EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobstep @job_id=@jobId, @step_name=N'Insert into second Table', 
        @step_id=1, 
        @cmdexec_success_code=0, 
        @on_success_action=1, 
        @on_success_step_id=0, 
        @on_fail_action=2, 
        @on_fail_step_id=0, 
        @retry_attempts=0, 
        @retry_interval=0, 
        @os_run_priority=0, @subsystem=N'TSQL', 
        @command=N'--Insert script for second table', 
        @database_name=N'Test', 
        @flags=0

EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobserver @job_id = @jobId, @server_name = N'(local)'
GO

DECLARE @jobId BINARY(16)
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_job @job_name=N'Job3', 
        @enabled=1,  
        @description=N'No description available.', 
        @job_id = @jobId OUTPUT

EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobstep @job_id=@jobId, @step_name=N'Insert into Third Table', 
        @step_id=1, 
        @cmdexec_success_code=0, 
        @on_success_action=1, 
        @on_success_step_id=0, 
        @on_fail_action=2, 
        @on_fail_step_id=0, 
        @retry_attempts=0, 
        @retry_interval=0, 
        @os_run_priority=0, @subsystem=N'TSQL', 
        @command=N'--Insert script for third table', 
        @database_name=N'Test', 
        @flags=0

EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobserver @job_id = @jobId, @server_name = N'(local)'
GO

EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_start_job N'Job1' ; --All will execute in parallel
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_start_job N'Job2' ;
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_start_job N'Job3' ;

Answer 3

假设您希望所有插入的插入日期值相同，请将日期参数设置为当前日期，如图所示。

DECLARE @InsertDate as date
SET @InsertDate = GetDate()

然后，将insert date参数传递给insert存储过程并相应地更新此存储过程以使用该输入。这将确保所有插入使用相同的插入日期值。

EXEC dbo.InsertTables123 @p1 = @InsertDate

如果需要，还可以手动分配@InsertDate输入参数，如果不是当前日期。

Answer 4

对于您的过程，我假设您有tableName和文件位置作为参数。

如果你有一个有3百万条记录的大文件，你必须将文件拆分成3个小文件（如果你知道除了sql以外的任何其他语言），那么你可以打开3个Sql服务器控制台命令行，并在每个控制台中调用该过程。它会使插入平行。或者您知道任何其他编程语言，您可以使用多个线程来调用该过程。

Answer 5

这三个表的结构和内容是否相同？如果是，请使用跨国/合并replication

或者，在第一个表格中创建trigger以插入第二个和第三个table

如何在三个不同的表中插入数据parellel

5 个答案: