我有1个界面:
public interface ISummary
{
int EventId {get; set;}
}
许多实现此接口的具体类:
public class EmployeeSummary : ISummary
{
public int EventId {get; set;},
public int TotalUniqueCount {get; set;}
public int Location {get; set;}
}
public class CarSummary : ISummary
{
public int EventId {get; set;}
public int TotalMiles {get; set;}
public int TotalHours {get; set;}
}
等...
唯一的共享属性是EventId
。有没有办法让1 工厂方法创建所有这些摘要对象?我想要一个入口点来决定要创建哪些对象。
类似于:
public ISummary CreateSummary(ConcreteObjectType with properties)
{
if EmployeeSummary
--Call this method to create and return EmployeeSummary
if CarSummary
--Call this method create and return CarSummary
}
我希望其他类中的所有调用都调用此方法,而不是自己创建对象。
我正在努力的部分是如何传递属性以将对象分配给此CreateSummary
方法,因为对象上的所有属性都不同?
如果我应该在这里使用更好的设计模式,我愿意在这一点上更改对象。
答案 0 :(得分:8)
嗯,这正是Factory Method模式存在的原因:
public class SummaryFactory
{
// new instance with values assigned by action delegate or default
public T Create<T>(Action<T> action = null) where T : ISummary, new()
{
var result = new T();
action?.Invoke(result);
return result;
}
// with object to assign value from (map)
public T Create<T>(object map) where T : ISummary, new()
{
var result = new T();
PropertyInfo[] props = map.GetType().GetProperties();
PropertyInfo[] tProps = typeof(T).GetProperties();
foreach (var prop in props)
{
var upperPropName = prop.Name.ToUpper();
var foundProperty = tProps.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Name.ToUpper() == upperPropName);
foundProperty?.SetValue(result, prop.GetValue(map));
}
return result;
}
// new instance without generic parameters
public object Create(Type type)
{
var result = Activator.CreateInstance(type);
// add all logic that you need
return result;
}
}
现在你可以使用这个工厂了:
var factory = new SummaryFactory();
var carSummary = factory.Create<CarSummary>();
var carSummary2 = factory.Create<CarSummary>(car => { car.TotalMiles = 50; });
var carSummary3 = factory.Create<CarSummary>(new { TotalMiles = 50 });
var employeeSummary = factory.Create(typeof(EmployeeSummary));
答案 1 :(得分:2)
具有new()
约束的泛型只会使耦合更紧密。如果您已经需要知道要传递哪种类型作为通用参数T
,并且您知道该方法将返回什么,那么使用它的重点是什么?
// This is a *helper method* which will create a car summary.
// No abstraction, no polymorphism, just a template helper method.
var summary = CreateSummary<CarSummary>(carData);
如果您需要一个抽象工厂,那么这意味着您的调用方法只知道返回接口,它是 factory 应该决定的实际的实施。
在您的情况下,(我相信)您有几种类型的数据类,并且您希望该方法为每种类型创建适当的摘要。即类似的东西:
class EmployeesData : IEmployeesData
{ ... }
class CarsData : ICarsData
{ ... }
// at this point we don't know what `data` actually is
IData data = GetDataFromSomewhere();
// so we cannot pass the concrete generic parameter here
ISummary summary = GetSummary(data);
那么你需要的是某种策略,它将在运行时选择正确的实现。不同输入类型的策略应该在程序启动时注册(在组合根目录中的某个位置,或通过DI注入),以便您具有以下内容:
static readonly Dictionary<Type, Func<object, ISummary>> _strategies =
new Dictionary<Type, Func<object, ISummary>>();
public static void Register<T>(Func<T, ISummary> strategy)
{
_strategies[typeof(T)] = input => strategy((T)input);
}
public ISummary CreateSummary(object input)
{
var type = input.GetType();
Func<object, ISummary> strategy;
if (!_strategies.TryGetValue(type, out strategy))
throw new ArgumentException($"No strategy registered for type {type}");
return strategy(input);
}
所以,在你的作文根处,你将拥有具体的方法:
ISummary CreateEmployeeSummary(EmployeesData data)
{ ... }
ISummary CreateCarSummary(CarsData data)
{ ... }
// and finally register all concrete methods:
Register<IEmployeesData>(d => CreateEmployeeSummary(d));
Register<ICarsData>(d => CreateCarsSummary(d));
答案 2 :(得分:1)
根据对象的构造函数,您可以这样做:
public interface ISummary
{ }
public class Bar : ISummary
{ }
public class SummaryFactory
{
public static TSummary CreateSummary<TSummary>()
where TSummary : new()
{
return new TSummary();
}
}
public class Foo
{
public void AMethod()
{
var bar = SummaryFactory.CreateSummary< Bar >();
}
}
但我不知道除非构造函数是空的,否则它会真正给你买什么。
如果您的对象确实有构造函数参数,您可以使用策略模式来创建它们而不是工厂模式,如下所示:
public interface ISummary
{ }
public class CarSummary : ISummary
{
public CarSummary(int someParam)
{
}
}
public interface ISummaryStrategy
{
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
ISummary Create();
}
public class CarSummaryStrategy
: ISummaryStrategy
{
public ISummary Create()
{
return new CarSummary(42); //The Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything
}
}
public class Foo
{
private Dictionary< Type, ISummaryStrategy > _summaryStrategies;
public Foo()
{
this._summaryStrategies = new Dictionary< Type, ISummaryStrategy >
{
{typeof( CarSummary ), new CarSummaryStrategy()}
};
}
public void UseSummaries(Type summary)
{
var summaryImpl = this._summaryStrategies[summary].Create();
// use the summary
}
}