Question

我用以下版本安装了MySQL：

kurt@kurt-ThinkPad:~$ mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.15, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

我记得在安装过程中我没有为root用户设置密码。但是，如果我尝试使用mysql命令简单地启动它，我会收到以下错误：

kurt@kurt-ThinkPad:~$ mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'kurt'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

同样，作为root用户，

kurt@kurt-ThinkPad:~$ mysql -u root
ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'

我尝试按照Resetting the Root Password: Unix and Unix-Like Systems上的说明操作;我在我的主目录中创建了文本文件，并从那里尝试使用--init-file选项启动MySQL服务器。但是，我再次收到权限错误：

kurt@kurt-ThinkPad:~$ mysqld_safe --init-file=mysql-init &
[1] 18340
kurt@kurt-ThinkPad:~$ /usr/bin/mysqld_safe: 548: /usr/bin/mysqld_safe: cannot create /var/lib/mysql/mysqld_safe.pid: Permission denied
2016-09-20T14:57:04.753720Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysql/error.log'.
cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permission denied
rm: cannot remove '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid': Permission denied
2016-09-20T14:57:04.780206Z mysqld_safe Fatal error: Can't remove the pid file:
/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Please remove it manually and start /usr/bin/mysqld_safe again;
mysqld daemon not started
/usr/bin/mysqld_safe: 135: /usr/bin/mysqld_safe: cannot create /var/log/mysql/error.log: Permission denied
rm: cannot remove '/var/lib/mysql/mysqld_safe.pid': Permission denied

我已经在Cant connect to Mysql server ; Can't create/write the pid file中读到了类似的错误，其中建议的解决方案是将MySQL用户分配到/var/run/mysqld目录。但是，如果我试试这个，我会得到“不允许操作”：

kurt@kurt-ThinkPad:~$ chown mysql:mysql /var/run/mysqld
chown: changing ownership of '/var/run/mysqld': Operation not permitted

关于如何让MySQL工作的任何想法？

Answer 1

我注意到一个解决方案是使用mysql运行sudo：

kurt@kurt-ThinkPad:~$ sudo mysql
sudo: unable to resolve host kurt-ThinkPad
[sudo] password for kurt: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14
Server version: 5.7.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

（我从https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=154010获得了这个建议。）

Answer 2

选项1 ：

$ sudo mysql -u root # I had to use "sudo" since is new installation

mysql> USE mysql;
mysql> UPDATE user SET plugin='mysql_native_password' WHERE User='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> exit;

$ service mysql restart

选项2：（用您拥有的用户名替换YOUR_SYSTEM_USER ）

$ sudo mysql -u root # I had to use "sudo" since is new installation

mysql> USE mysql;
mysql> CREATE USER 'YOUR_SYSTEM_USER'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'YOUR_SYSTEM_USER'@'localhost';
mysql> UPDATE user SET plugin='auth_socket' WHERE User='YOUR_SYSTEM_USER';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> exit;

$ service mysql restart

请记住，如果使用选项＃2，则必须以系统用户名（mysql -u YOUR_SYSTEM_USER）连接到mysql

Answer 3

默认安装后，我得到了相同的错误代码。我在Ubuntu 18.0.4中运行MariaDB 10.4.7。这是我绕过的方法：

sudo mysql -u root
...
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.005 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit

在此之后，我可以再次以相同的旧方式运行mysql命令：

$ mysql -u root
...
MariaDB [(none)]>

请注意，这将覆盖MariaDB 10.4.7的默认设置的安全性。在测试或开发环境中，完全可以。在生产环境中，您可能需要三思而后行。我建议创建其他用户，然后为其设置密码。

Answer 4

请注意您的插件。如果它是unix -socket并遵循选项2，则必须知道哪个用户正在使用Shell。因为用户的外壳是唯一的身份验证方式。即使您的shell用户使用其他usename时也使用$ mysql -u root -p，也无法访问数据库。请参见此处的示例https://mariadb.com/kb/en/authentication-plugin-unix-socket/。我建议像option2一样创建一个用户，但要使用插件“ mysql_native_password”。

MySQL“ERROR 1698（28000）：拒绝访问用户'root'@'localhost'”

4 个答案: