for-range循环中指针和值切片之间的差异

时间:2016-09-17 12:25:43

标签: pointers for-loop go goroutine

请检查此代码段:

values := []field{{"one"},{"two"},{"three"}}
for _, v := range values {
    go v.print()
}

此处链接:https://play.golang.org/p/cdryPmyWt5

上面的代码将检查for循环中指针和值之间的差异,而go语句也同时使用。代码:

poniters := []*field{{"one"},{"two"},{"three"}}
for _, v := range poniters {
    go v.print()
}

我们知道控制台将打印三个三个作为结果,因为for循环在goroutines开始执行之前运行到结尾,这将v写为切片的最后一个元素。但指针怎么样?

{{1}}

似乎打印一两三,为什么?

感谢。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

答:在调用函数之前评估参数。在对它们进行求值之后,调用的参数将通过值传递给函数,并且被调用的函数开始执行,因此:

第一个go v.print()go (*field).print(&v)
的语法糖 第二个go v.print()go (*field).print(v)的语法糖。

如果在goroutines开始之前第一个for循环结束,则&v对于呼叫是相同的,并且这三个呼叫都是相同的。通过在time.Sleep(100)之后将go v.print()添加到第一个循环来查看代码2。或The Go Playground (Code 3 with sync.WaitGroup)上的go func(v field) { v.print() }(v) 此外,您还有数据竞争(参见B)。

对于第二个go (*field).print(v),此处v是指针,在调用print之前评估了三个goroutines参数,有三个不同的地址

1-在The Go Playground

上试试
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

type field struct {
    name string
}

func (p *field) print() {
    fmt.Println(p.name)
}

func main() {
    fmt.Println("use values:")

    // use values in range loop and go rountines
    values := []field{{"one"}, {"two"}, {"three"}}
    for _, v := range values {
        fmt.Println(&v)
        go (*field).print(&v) //go v.print()
    }

    time.Sleep(time.Second)

    fmt.Println()
    fmt.Println("use pointers:")

    // use pointers in range loop and go rountines
    poniters := []*field{{"one"}, {"two"}, {"three"}}
    for _, v := range poniters {
        fmt.Println(v)
        go (*field).print(v) //go v.print()
    }

    time.Sleep(time.Second)
}

输出:

use values:
&{one}
&{two}
&{three}
three
three
three

use pointers:
&{one}
&{two}
&{three}
two
one
three

2-在The Go Playground

上试试
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

type field struct {
    name string
}

func (p *field) print() {
    fmt.Println(p.name)
}

func main() {
    fmt.Println("use values:")

    // use values in range loop and go rountines
    values := []field{{"one"}, {"two"}, {"three"}}
    for _, v := range values {
        fmt.Println(&v)
        go v.print() //go (*field).print(&v) //
        time.Sleep(100)
    }

    time.Sleep(time.Second)

    fmt.Println()
    fmt.Println("use pointers:")

    // use pointers in range loop and go rountines
    poniters := []*field{{"one"}, {"two"}, {"three"}}
    for _, v := range poniters {
        fmt.Println(v)
        go v.print() //go (*field).print(v) //
    }

    time.Sleep(time.Second)
}

输出:

use values:
&{one}
one
&{two}
two
&{three}
three

use pointers:
&{one}
&{two}
&{three}
one
two
three

B:您有数据竞争,请尝试go build -race your code,然后运行生成的文件WARNING: DATA RACE

输出:

use values:
==================
WARNING: DATA RACE
Read at 0x00c042030210 by goroutine 6:
  runtime.convT2E()
      Go/src/runtime/iface.go:155 +0x0
  main.(*field).print()
      .../m.go:14 +0x6c

Previous write at 0x00c042030210 by main goroutine:
  main.main()
      .../m.go:22 +0x1c3

Goroutine 6 (running) created at:
  main.main()
      .../m.go:23 +0x204
==================
two
three
three

use pointers:
one
two
three
Found 1 data race(s)