Question

我有一个数据框，想要在特定位置插入空格。以下是数据示例：

0MHOCAN000006026421HOCAN000000392457HOCAN000005311227
0FHOUSA000002272874HOUSA000002272874HOUSA000050206641
0MHOUSA000002272874HOUSA000002076121HOUSA000014569699

这就是我想要的（在任何字母H之前的空格）：

0M  HOCAN000006026421  HOCAN000000392457  HOCAN000005311227
0F  HOUSA000002272874  HOUSA000002272874  HOUSA000050206641
0M  HOUSA000002272874  HOUSA000002076121  HOUSA000014569699

Answer 1

您可以使用带有固定字符串替换的gsub：

x <- c("0MHOCAN000006026421HOCAN000000392457HOCAN000005311227",
"0FHOUSA000002272874HOUSA000002272874HOUSA000050206641",
"0MHOUSA000002272874HOUSA000002076121HOUSA000014569699")
gsub("H", " H", x, fixed=TRUE)

请参阅R demo

输出：

[1] "0M HOCAN000006026421 HOCAN000000392457 HOCAN000005311227"
[2] "0F HOUSA000002272874 HOUSA000002272874 HOUSA000050206641"
[3] "0M HOUSA000002272874 HOUSA000002076121 HOUSA000014569699"

如果您的数据框df列名称为col1，则可以使用

df$col1 = gsub("H", " H", df$col1, fixed=TRUE)

Answer 2

我们可以使用固定宽度读取：

基本功能read.fwf：

x1 <- read.fwf("temp.txt",
               widths = c(2, 17, 17, 17),
               col.names = paste0("myColName",1:4),
               stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
# check output
str(x1)
# 'data.frame': 3 obs. of  4 variables:
# $ myColName1: chr  "0M" "0F" "0M"
# $ myColName2: chr  "HOCAN000006026421" "HOUSA000002272874" "HOUSA000002272874"
# $ myColName3: chr  "HOCAN000000392457" "HOUSA000002272874" "HOUSA000002076121"
# $ myColName4: chr  "HOCAN000005311227" "HOUSA000050206641" "HOUSA000014569699"
x1
#   myColName1        myColName2        myColName3        myColName4
# 1         0M HOCAN000006026421 HOCAN000000392457 HOCAN000005311227
# 2         0F HOUSA000002272874 HOUSA000002272874 HOUSA000050206641
# 3         0M HOUSA000002272874 HOUSA000002076121 HOUSA000014569699

使用read_fwf包中的readr：

library(readr)

x2 <- read_fwf("temp.txt",
               fwf_widths(c(2, 17, 17, 17),
                          col_names = paste0("myColName",1:4)))
# check output
str(x2)
# Classes ‘tbl_df’, ‘tbl’ and 'data.frame': 3 obs. of  4 variables:
#   $ myColName1: chr  "0M" "0F" "0M"
# $ myColName2: chr  "HOCAN000006026421" "HOUSA000002272874" "HOUSA000002272874"
# $ myColName3: chr  "HOCAN000000392457" "HOUSA000002272874" "HOUSA000002076121"
# $ myColName4: chr  "HOCAN000005311227" "HOUSA000050206641" "HOUSA000014569699"
# - attr(*, "spec")=List of 2
# ..$ cols   :List of 4
# .. ..$ myColName1: list()
# .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr  "collector_character" "collector"
# .. ..$ myColName2: list()
# .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr  "collector_character" "collector"
# .. ..$ myColName3: list()
# .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr  "collector_character" "collector"
# .. ..$ myColName4: list()
# .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr  "collector_character" "collector"
# ..$ default: list()
# .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr  "collector_guess" "collector"
# ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "col_spec"
x2
# # A tibble: 3 × 4
#   myColName1        myColName2        myColName3        myColName4
#        <chr>             <chr>             <chr>             <chr>
# 1         0M HOCAN000006026421 HOCAN000000392457 HOCAN000005311227
# 2         0F HOUSA000002272874 HOUSA000002272874 HOUSA000050206641
# 3         0M HOUSA000002272874 HOUSA000002076121 HOUSA000014569699

即使ID不以字母H开头且ID可包含多个H，这些解决方案仍然有效。

在字符串中的特定位置插入空格

2 个答案: