Question

说我有以下课程：

template<class T>
struct A
{
    static int value;
};

template<class T>
int A<T>::value = 0;

我可以在没有问题的情况下专门针对具体类型A::value：

struct B
{
};

template<>
int A<B>::value = 1;

我想在模板类型上专门化A :: value，我尝试了以下内容：

template<class T>
struct C
{
};

// error: template definition of non-template 'int A<C<T> >::value'
template<>
template<class T>
int A<C<T> >::value = 2;

有没有办法做到这一点，或者只能在非模板类型上专门化A ::值？

Answer 1

您可以专门化初始化

，而不是引入整个显式专业化

template<class T>
struct Value {
  static int const value = 0;
};

template<class T>
struct Value< C<T> > {
  static int const value = 2;
};

template<class T>
int A<T>::value = Value<T>::value;

Answer 2

您可以通过C使用A的部分特化：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

template<class T>
struct A
{
    static int value;
};

template<class T>
int A<T>::value = 0;

//(1) define the C template class first:
template<class T>
struct C
{
};

//(2) then define the partial specialization of A, in terms of C:
template<typename T>
struct A<C<T> > 
{
    static int value;
};

template<typename T>
int A<C<T> >::value = 2;

int main(void)
{
    cout<<A<C<int> >::value<<endl;

    cout<<"ok!"<<endl;
    return 0;
}

Answer 3

通过模板模板参数进行部分特化（参见上面的评论）：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

template<class T>
struct A
{
    static int value;
};

template<class T>
int A<T>::value = 0;



//solution 2:
//define a template-template argument partial specialization
//for any generic class U depending on a template argument,
//(which is a typename, in this case, but there's no reason why
//you wouldn't define specializations for non-types, etc.)
//this specialization has the advantage of not depending on
//the template definition of U (or C, etc.); in this case
//both T and U are free to vary, with the only constraint
//that U is parameterized by T:
template<typename T, template<typename> class U>
struct A<U<T> >
{
    static int value;
};

template<typename T, template<typename> class U>
int A<U<T> >::value = 3;

//define the C template class, somewhere, where/when/if needed
//possibly in a different namespace, "module" (etc.)
template<class T>
struct C
{
};

int main(void)
{
    cout<<A<C<int> >::value<<endl;//this now should print out: 3

    cout<<"ok!"<<endl;
    return 0;
}

如何在模板化类型上专门化模板类的静态成员？

3 个答案: