Android相当于NSNotificationCenter

时间:2010-10-16 04:10:51

标签: android iphone ios events nsnotificationcenter

在将iPhone应用程序移植到android的过程中,我正在寻找在应用程序内进行通信的最佳方式。意图似乎是要走的路,这是最好的(唯一的)选择吗? NSUserDefaults在性能和编码方面似乎比Intents重量轻得多。

我还应该添加我有一个状态的应用程序子类,但我需要让另一个活动知道一个事件。

8 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:322)

我找到的最佳等效词是LocalBroadcastManager,它是Android Support Package的一部分。

从LocalBroadcastManager文档:

  

帮助程序注册并向您的进程中的本地对象发送Intent广播。与使用sendBroadcast(Intent)发送全局广播相比,这有许多优点:

     
      
  • 您知道您播放的数据不会离开您的应用,因此无需担心泄露私人数据。
  •   
  • 其他应用程序无法将这些广播发送到您的应用程序,因此您无需担心他们可以利用安全漏洞。
  •   
  • 它比通过系统发送全球广播更有效。
  •   

使用此功能时,您可以说Intent等同于NSNotification。这是一个例子:

ReceiverActivity.java

监视名为"custom-event-name"的事件的通知的活动。

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

  ...

  // Register to receive messages.
  // This is just like [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:...]
  // We are registering an observer (mMessageReceiver) to receive Intents
  // with actions named "custom-event-name".
  LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).registerReceiver(mMessageReceiver,
      new IntentFilter("custom-event-name"));
}

// Our handler for received Intents. This will be called whenever an Intent
// with an action named "custom-event-name" is broadcasted.
private BroadcastReceiver mMessageReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
  @Override
  public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
    // Get extra data included in the Intent
    String message = intent.getStringExtra("message");
    Log.d("receiver", "Got message: " + message);
  }
};

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
  // Unregister since the activity is about to be closed.
  // This is somewhat like [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:name:object:] 
  LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).unregisterReceiver(mMessageReceiver);
  super.onDestroy();
}

SenderActivity.java

发送/广播通知的第二个活动。

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

  ...

  // Every time a button is clicked, we want to broadcast a notification.
  findViewById(R.id.button_send).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
      sendMessage();
    }
  });
}

// Send an Intent with an action named "custom-event-name". The Intent sent should 
// be received by the ReceiverActivity.
private void sendMessage() {
  Log.d("sender", "Broadcasting message");
  Intent intent = new Intent("custom-event-name");
  // You can also include some extra data.
  intent.putExtra("message", "This is my message!");
  LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).sendBroadcast(intent);
}

使用上面的代码,每次点击按钮R.id.button_send时,都会广播一个意图,并由mMessageReceiver中的ReceiverActivity收到。

调试输出应如下所示:

01-16 10:35:42.413: D/sender(356): Broadcasting message
01-16 10:35:42.421: D/receiver(356): Got message: This is my message! 

答案 1 :(得分:12)

这与@Shiki的答案类似,但是从iOS开发者和通知中心的角度来看。

首先创建某种NotificationCenter服务:

public class NotificationCenter {

 public static void addObserver(Context context, NotificationType notification, BroadcastReceiver responseHandler) {
    LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(context).registerReceiver(responseHandler, new IntentFilter(notification.name()));
 }

 public static void removeObserver(Context context, BroadcastReceiver responseHandler) {
    LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(context).unregisterReceiver(responseHandler);
 }

 public static void postNotification(Context context, NotificationType notification, HashMap<String, String> params) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(notification.name());
    // insert parameters if needed
    for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
        String key = entry.getKey();
        String value = entry.getValue();
        intent.putExtra(key, value);
    }
    LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(context).sendBroadcast(intent);
 }
}

然后,您还需要一些枚举类型来确保使用字符串编码时出错 - (NotificationType):

public enum NotificationType {

   LoginResponse;
   // Others

}

以下是活动中的用法(添加/删除观察者):

public class LoginActivity extends AppCompatActivity{

    private BroadcastReceiver loginResponseReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
           // do what you need to do with parameters that you sent with notification

           //here is example how to get parameter "isSuccess" that is sent with notification
           Boolean result = Boolean.valueOf(intent.getStringExtra("isSuccess"));
        }
    };
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_login);

        //subscribe to notifications listener in onCreate of activity
        NotificationCenter.addObserver(this, NotificationType.LoginResponse, loginResponseReceiver);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        // Don't forget to unsubscribe from notifications listener
        NotificationCenter.removeObserver(this, loginResponseReceiver);
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

最后我们将从一些回调或休息服务或其他任何方式向NotificationCenter发布通知:

public void loginService(final Context context, String username, String password) {
    //do some async work, or rest call etc.
    //...

    //on response, when we want to trigger and send notification that our job is finished
    HashMap<String,String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();          
    params.put("isSuccess", String.valueOf(false));
    NotificationCenter.postNotification(context, NotificationType.LoginResponse, params);
}

就是这样,欢呼!

答案 2 :(得分:6)

答案 3 :(得分:4)

你可以使用这个:http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/BroadcastReceiver.html,它会产生类似的行为。

您可以通过Context.registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver,IntentFilter)以编程方式注册接收器,它将捕获通过Context.sendBroadcast(Intent)发送的意图。

但请注意,如果接收方的活动(上下文)已暂停,则接收方将不会收到通知。

答案 4 :(得分:4)

我发现使用Guava lib的EventBus是组件之间发布 - 订阅式通信的最简单方式,而不需要组件明确地相互注册

https://code.google.com/p/guava-libraries/wiki/EventBusExplained

上查看他们的样本
// Class is typically registered by the container.
class EventBusChangeRecorder {
  @Subscribe public void recordCustomerChange(ChangeEvent e) {
    recordChange(e.getChange());
  }

// somewhere during initialization
eventBus.register(this);

}

// much later
public void changeCustomer() {
  eventBus.post(new ChangeEvent("bla bla") );
} 

您可以通过在build.gradle中添加依赖项来简单地在Android Studio上添加此lib:

compile 'com.google.guava:guava:17.0'

答案 5 :(得分:0)

您可以使用弱引用。

通过这种方式,您可以自己管理内存并随意添加和删除观察者。

当addObserver添加这些参数时 - 将您要添加的活动中的上下文强制转换为空接口,添加通知名称,并调用方法来运行接口。

运行接口的方法有一个名为run的函数,用于返回传递此类内容的数据

public static interface Themethodtorun {
        void run(String notification_name, Object additional_data);
    }

创建一个观察类,该类调用具有空接口的引用。 还要从addobserver中传递的上下文构建Themethodtorun接口。

将观察结果添加到数据结构中。

要调用它将是相同的方法,但您需要做的就是在数据结构中找到特定的通知名称,使用Themethodtorun.run(notification_name,data)。

这会将回调发送到您创建具有特定通知名称的观察者的位置。 完成后不要忘记删除它们!

这是弱参考的好参考。

http://learningviacode.blogspot.co.nz/2014/02/weak-references-in-java.html

我正在将此代码上传到github。睁大眼睛!

答案 6 :(得分:0)

Kotlin :这是Kotlin中的@Shiki版本,但是如何通过一些重构使其成为片段。

  1. 在Fragment中注册观察者。

Fragment.kt

class MyFragment : Fragment() {

    private var mContext: Context? = null

    private val mMessageReceiver = object: BroadcastReceiver() {
        override fun onReceive(context: Context?, intent: Intent?) {
            //Do something here after you get the notification
            myViewModel.reloadData()
        }
    }

    override fun onAttach(context: Context) {
        super.onAttach(context)

        mContext = context
    }

    override fun onDestroy() {
        LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(mContext!!).unregisterReceiver(mMessageReceiver)
        super.onDestroy()
    }

    private fun registerCallSheetUpdate() {
        LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(mContext!!).registerReceiver(mMessageReceiver, IntentFilter(Constant.NOTIFICATION_SOMETHING_HAPPEN))
    }

}
  1. 在任何地方发布通知。只有您需要上下文。

    LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(context).sendBroadcast(Intent(Constant.NOTIFICATION_SOMETHING_HAPPEN))```
    

PS

  1. 您可以添加一个与我一样的Constant.kt来很好地组织通知。 Constant.kt
object Constant {
    const val NOTIFICATION_CALL_SHEET_LIST_UPDATED_LOCALLY = "notification_something_happened_locally"
}
  1. 对于片段中的上下文,您可以使用activity(类似null)或conext来使用。

答案 7 :(得分:0)

我写了一个可以完成相同工作的包装器,相当于使用LiveData的iOS

包装器:

class ObserverNotify {
    private val liveData = MutableLiveData<Nothing>()


    fun postNotification() {
        GlobalScope.launch {
            withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
                liveData.value = liveData.value
            }
        }
    }

    fun observeForever(observer: () -> Unit) {
        liveData.observeForever { observer() }
    }

    fun observe(owner: LifecycleOwner, observer: () -> Unit) {
        liveData.observe(owner) { observer()}
    }

}

class ObserverNotifyWithData<T> {
    private val liveData = MutableLiveData<T>()


    fun postNotification(data: T) {
        GlobalScope.launch {
            withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
                liveData.value = data
            }
        }
    }

    fun observeForever(observer: (T) -> Unit) {
        liveData.observeForever { observer(it) }
    }

    fun observe(owner: LifecycleOwner, observer: (T) -> Unit) {
        liveData.observe(owner) { observer(it) }
    }

}

声明观察者类型:

object ObserverCenter {
    val moveMusicToBeTheNextOne: ObserverNotifyWithData<Music> by lazy { ObserverNotifyWithData() }
    val playNextMusic: ObserverNotify by lazy { ObserverNotify() }
    val newFCMTokenDidHandle: ObserverNotifyWithData<String?> by lazy { ObserverNotifyWithData() }
}

在观察活动中:

ObserverCenter.newFCMTokenDidHandle.observe(this) {
    // Do stuff
}

通知:

ObserverCenter.playNextMusic.postNotification()
ObserverCenter.newFCMTokenDidHandle.postNotification("MyData")