我偶然发现了MySQL外键引用多列的可能性。我想知道如下所示的多列外键的主要用途是什么
ALTER TABLE `device`
ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_device_user`
FOREIGN KEY (`user_created_id` , `user_updated_id` , `user_deleted_id`)
REFERENCES `user` (`id` , `id` , `id`)
ON DELETE NO ACTION
ON UPDATE NO ACTION;
我的问题是
答案 0 :(得分:3)
没有。请考虑以下事项。
首先,将它想象为(id,id,id),而不是(id1,id2,id3)实际上是没有用的。因为(id,id,id)的元组对id
上的单个列索引没有任何价值。因此,您将看到下面描述的模式。
create schema FKtest001;
use FKtest001;
create table user
( id int auto_increment primary key,
fullname varchar(100) not null,
id1 int not null,
id2 int not null,
id3 int not null,
index `idkUserTuple` (id1,id2,id3)
);
create table device
( id int auto_increment primary key,
something varchar(100) not null,
user_created_id int not null,
user_updated_id int not null,
user_deleted_id int not null,
foreign key `fk_device_user` (`user_created_id` , `user_updated_id` , `user_deleted_id`)
REFERENCES `user` (`id1` , `id2` , `id3`)
);
show create table device;
CREATE TABLE `device` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`something` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`user_created_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`user_updated_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`user_deleted_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `fk_device_user` (`user_created_id`,`user_updated_id`,`user_deleted_id`),
CONSTRAINT `device_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`user_created_id`, `user_updated_id`, `user_deleted_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`id1`, `id2`, `id3`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
show indexes from device; -- shows 2 indexes (a PK, and composite BTREE)
-- FOCUS heavily on the `Seq_in_index` column for the above
-- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
drop table device;
drop table user;
create table user
( id int auto_increment primary key,
fullname varchar(100) not null,
id1 int not null,
id2 int not null,
id3 int not null,
index `idkUser1` (id1),
index `idkUser2` (id2),
index `idkUser3` (id3)
);
create table device
( id int auto_increment primary key,
something varchar(100) not null,
user_created_id int not null,
user_updated_id int not null,
user_deleted_id int not null,
foreign key `fk_device_user1` (`user_created_id`)
REFERENCES `user` (`id1`),
foreign key `fk_device_user2` (`user_updated_id`)
REFERENCES `user` (`id2`),
foreign key `fk_device_user3` (`user_deleted_id`)
REFERENCES `user` (`id3`)
);
show create table device;
CREATE TABLE `device` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`something` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`user_created_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`user_updated_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`user_deleted_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `fk_device_user1` (`user_created_id`),
KEY `fk_device_user2` (`user_updated_id`),
KEY `fk_device_user3` (`user_deleted_id`),
CONSTRAINT `device_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`user_created_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`id1`),
CONSTRAINT `device_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`user_updated_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`id2`),
CONSTRAINT `device_ibfk_3` FOREIGN KEY (`user_deleted_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`id3`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
show indexes from device; -- shows 4 indexes (a PK, and 3 indiv FK indexes)
-- FOCUS heavily on the `Seq_in_index` column for the above
那里有2个部分。 show indexes from device
将在顶部显示维护的2个索引的差异。在底部,保留了4个索引。如果由于某种原因,顶部的索引元组对系统有用,那么那个元组方法肯定是可行的方法。
原因如下。元组作为一个组存在。可以将其视为具有集体意义的集合的实例。将其与单个零件的存在进行比较,并且存在差异。并不是用户存在,而是有一个用户行将该元组存在。
上面的段落中描述了专业人员:作为元组存在于user
表中的实际分组。
它们是苹果和橙子,用于不同的目的。
用例将需要将元组作为一个组存在,而不是存在单个项。它用于所谓的合成。特别是合成FK。请将此Here的答案视为一个案例。
简而言之,当您想要强制执行特别难以想到在其他实体的合成级别(分组)需要参照完整性(RI)的解决方案时。许多人认为不能这样做,所以他们首先考虑TRIGGER
执法或前端执法。幸运的是,这些用例可以通过FK Composites实现,从而将RI保留在db级别(应该是前端)。
请求OP提供比上述链接更好的真实示例。
考虑以下架构:
CREATE SCHEMA testRealLifeTuple;
USE testRealLifeTuple;
CREATE TABLE contacts
( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
fullname VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL
-- etc
);
CREATE TABLE tupleHolder
( -- a tuple representing a necessary Three-some validation
-- and vetting to get financing
--
-- If you can't vett these 3, you can't have my supercomputer financed
--
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
CEO INT NOT NULL, -- Chief Executive Officer
CFO INT NOT NULL, -- Chief Financial Officer
CIO INT NOT NULL, -- Chief Geek
creditWorthiness INT NOT NULL, -- 1 to 100. 100 is best
-- the unique index is necessary for the device FK to succeed
UNIQUE INDEX `idk_ContactTuple` (CEO,CFO,CIO), -- No duplicates ever. Good for re-use
FOREIGN KEY `fk_th_ceo` (`CEO`) REFERENCES `contacts` (`id`),
FOREIGN KEY `fk_th_cfo` (`CFO`) REFERENCES `contacts` (`id`),
FOREIGN KEY `fk_th_cio` (`CIO`) REFERENCES `contacts` (`id`)
);
CREATE TABLE device
( -- An Expensive Device, typically our Supercomputer that requires Financing.
-- This device is so wildly expense we want to limit data changes
--
-- Note that the GRANTS (privileges) on this table are restricted.
--
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
something VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
CEO INT NOT NULL, -- Chief Executive Officer
CFO INT NOT NULL, -- Chief Financial Officer
CIO INT NOT NULL, -- Chief Geek
FOREIGN KEY `fk_device_2_tuple` (`CEO` , `CFO` , `CIO`)
REFERENCES `tupleHolder` (`CEO` , `CFO` , `CIO`)
--
-- Note that the GRANTS (privileges) on this table are restricted.
--
);
DROP SCHEMA testRealLifeTuple;
此架构的要点归结为UNIQUE KEY
表格中的tupleHolder
,device
中的FK,GRANT
限制(授予未显示)以及事实因为如上所述,设备被屏蔽了元组中的tomfoolery编辑:
tupleHolder
无法与如果tupleHolder
被混淆了(3 contacts
ids),则会违反FK。
换句话说, NO WAY 与基于设备中单个列的FK设备相同,称之为[device.badIdea INT],这将FK返回到tupleHolder。标识。
另外,如前所述,这与仅存在contacts
不同。相反,重要的是contacts
的组成存在,它是一个元组。在我们的情况下,元组已经过审查,并且具有信誉等级,并且在购买设备之后,该元组中的ID不会被搞砸,除非有足够的GRANTS允许它。即便如此,FK也已到位。
可能需要15分钟才能收入,但存在巨大的差异。
我希望这会有所帮助。