Question

我正在尝试在我们的应用程序的tomcat服务器中启用HPKP证书固定。我添加了一个过滤器来包含HSTS和HPKP指令。我按预期在响应头中获取HSTS和HPKP指令。

但即使我在服务器中更改证书或拦截请求并发送假证书，浏览器也不会停止请求。浏览器具有HPKP功能，因为当拦截请求并提供假证书时，它会阻止其他支持HPKP的网站，如facebook。

只是想知道我生成公钥哈希的方式是否有什么问题，因此浏览器没有固定密钥？如果有人为tomcat启用了HPKP，那还有任何反馈吗？

在web.xml中添加过滤器

    <filter>
            <filter-name>HttpsSecFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>com.x.x.x.x.x.HttpsSecurityFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>HttpsSecFilter</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>..[url-pattern]..</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

过滤代码（为简洁而修改为仅包含相关部分）

public class HttpsSecurityFilter implements Filter {
    private boolean _isHTTSEnabled = false;
    private long _httsMaxAge = -1;

    private boolean _isHPKPEnabled = false;
    private long _hpkpMaxAge = -1;
    private String _hpkpCertHashesString = null;

    private boolean _includeSubdomains = false;

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, 
                FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

        if (_isHTTSEnabled && response instanceof HttpServletResponse) {
            ((HttpServletResponse) response).setHeader("Strict-Transport-Security", 
                                                       "max-age=" + _httsMaxAge);
        }

        if (_isHPKPEnabled && response instanceof HttpServletResponse) {
            ((HttpServletResponse) response).setHeader("Public-Key-Pins", 
                                                       _hpkpCertHashesString);
        }

        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
        //Read from application configuration file
        _isHTTSEnabled = true;
        _httsMaxAge = 5184000;

        _isHPKPEnabled = true;
        _hpkpMaxAge = 5184000;
        _includeSubdomains = false;

        if (_isHTTSEnabled) {

            try {
                KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
                InputStream is = new FileInputStream(APP_HOME + "/conf/keystore");
                keyStore.load(is, keysotrePassword);
                is.close();

                Certificate cert = keyStore.getCertificate(myappcetificatealias);

                MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
                byte[] digest = md.digest(cert.getPublicKey().getEncoded());
                _hpkpCertHashesString = "pin-sha256=\"" + java.util.Base64.getEncoder()
                                        .encodeToString(digest) + "\"; max-age=" + 
                                         _hpkpMaxAge;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                ;
            }
        }
    }
}

响应标题中的指令

Public-Key-Pins:pin-sha256="JdZ3itf02UwsCav0X26wcSQLGfo="; max-age=5184000
Strict-Transport-Security:max-age=5184000

Answer 1

HTTP的公钥固定扩展（HPKP）是一种安全功能，它告诉Web客户端将特定加密公钥与某个Web服务器相关联，以降低使用伪造证书进行MITM攻击的风险。

不幸的是，Apache Tomcat不支持HPKP过滤器。所以我们必须编写自己的'全局过滤器'，Valve。首先，您需要从证书或密钥文件中提取公钥信息，并使用Base64对其进行编码。以下命令将帮助您从密钥文件，证书签名请求或证书中提取Base64编码信息。

openssl rsa -in my-rsa-key-file.key -outform der -pubout | openssl dgst -sha256 -binary | openssl enc -base64

openssl ec -in my-ecc-key-file.key -outform der -pubout | openssl dgst -sha256 -binary | openssl enc -base64

openssl req -in my-signing-request.csr -pubkey -noout | openssl pkey -pubin -outform der | openssl dgst -sha256 -binary | openssl enc -base64

openssl x509 -in my-certificate.crt -pubkey -noout | openssl pkey -pubin -outform der | openssl dgst -sha256 -binary | openssl enc -base64

以下命令将提取网站的Base64编码信息。

openssl s_client -servername www.example.com -connect www.example.com:443 | openssl x509 -pubkey -noout | openssl pkey -pubin -outform der | openssl dgst -sha256 -binary | openssl enc -base64

示例HPKP标头

Public-Key-Pins: 
  pin-sha256="cUPcTAZWKaASuYWhhneDttWpY3oBAkE3h2+soZS7sWs="; 
  pin-sha256="M8HztCzM3elUxkcjR2S5P4hhyBNf6lHkmjAHKhpGPWE="; 
  max-age=5184000; includeSubDomains; 
  report-uri="https://www.example.org/hpkp-report"

在此示例中，pin-sha256 =“cUPcTAZWKaASuYWhhneDttWpY3oBAkE3h2 + soZS7sWs =”固定服务器在生产中使用的公钥。第二个引脚声明引脚-sha256 =“M8HztCzM3elUxkcjR2S5P4hhyBNf6lHkmjAHKhpGPWE =”也固定备份密钥。 max-age = 5184000告诉客户端将此信息存储两个月，根据IETF RFC，这是一个合理的时间限制。此密钥固定也适用于所有子域，includeSubDomains声明告知该子域。最后，report-uri =“https://www.example.net/hpkp-report”解释了报告引脚验证失败的位置。现在创建一个Valve，如下所述。创建Maven Java应用程序。添加以下依赖项：

<dependency>  
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId> 
<artifactId>catalina</artifactId>    
<version>6.0.53</version>    
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

创建Java类并从ValveBase扩展它。

实现调用（请求，响应）方法。

public class GlobalFilterValve extends ValveBase {

    @Override
    public void invoke(Request request, Response response) throws IOException, ServletException {
    response.setHeader("Public-Key-Pins", "pin-sha256=\"cUPcTAZWKaASuYWhhneDttWpY3oBAkE3h2+soZS7sWs=\"; pin-sha256=\"M8HztCzM3elUxkcjR2S5P4hhyBNf6lHkmjAHKhpGPWE=\"; max-age=5184000; includeSubDomains");               
    getNext().invoke(request, response);
    }

}

构建您的库（.jar）文件
将jar文件复制到$ {tomcat.home} / lib目录中。
配置server.xml以使用新阀门。例如：

<valve className="org.devan.GlobalFilterValve"/>

启动服务器以查看新的阀门

谢谢！

Answer 2

尝试更新/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/website.conf 或/etc/apache2/httpd.conf

Header set Public-Key-Pins "pin-sha256=\"JdZ3itf02UwsCav0X26wcSQLGfo=\"; max-age=5184000; includeSubDomains

用于启用HPKP的Tomcat过滤器

2 个答案: