如何在Python中为所有类方法使用全局变量?

时间:2016-09-04 13:10:46

标签: python class object methods instance

  • 我有一个Person类,它包含age属性,现在我需要在Person类中的所有方法中访问它,以便所有方法都能正常工作

  • 我的代码如下:

class Person:
    #age = 0
    def __init__(self,initialAge):
        # Add some more code to run some checks on initialAge
        if(initialAge < 0):
            print("Age is not valid, setting age to 0.")
            age = 0
        age = initialAge

    def amIOld(self):
        # Do some computations in here and print out the correct statement to the console
        if(age < 13):
            print("You are young.")
        elif(age>=13 and age<18):
            print("You are a teenager.")
        else:
            print("You are old.")

    def yearPasses(self):
        # Increment the age of the person in here
        Person.age += 1 # I am having trouble with this method

t = int(input())
for i in range(0, t):
    age = int(input())         
    p = Person(age)  
    p.amIOld()
    for j in range(0, 3):
        p.yearPasses()       
    p.amIOld()
    print("")
  • yearPasses()应该将age增加1,但现在它在调用时不会做任何事情

  • 我如何调整它以使其有效?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

您需要age作为Person类的实例属性。为此,您使用self.age语法,如下所示:

class Person:
    def __init__(self, initialAge):
        # Add some more code to run some checks on initialAge
        if initialAge < 0:
            print("Age is not valid, setting age to 0.")
            self.age = 0
        self.age = initialAge

    def amIOld(self):
        # Do some computations in here and print out the correct statement to the console
        if self.age < 13:
            print("You are young.")
        elif 13 <= self.age <= 19:
            print("You are a teenager.")
        else:
            print("You are old.")

    def yearPasses(self):
        # Increment the age of the person in here
        self.age += 1 

#test

age = 12
p = Person(age)  

for j in range(9):
    print(j, p.age)
    p.amIOld()
    p.yearPasses()    

<强>输出

0 12
You are young.
1 13
You are a teenager.
2 14
You are a teenager.
3 15
You are a teenager.
4 16
You are a teenager.
5 17
You are a teenager.
6 18
You are a teenager.
7 19
You are a teenager.
8 20
You are old.

您的原始代码有

之类的陈述
age = initialAge 

在其方法中。这只是在方法中创建一个名为age的本地对象。这些对象在方法外部不存在,并在方法终止时被清除,因此下次调用方法时,其旧值age已丢失。

self.age是类实例的属性。该类的任何方法都可以使用self.age语法访问和修改该属性,并且该类的每个实例都有自己的属性,因此当您创建Person类的多个实例时,每个实例都有自己的{{1 }}。

也可以创建属于类本身属性的对象。这允许类的所有实例共享单个对象。例如,

.age

创建Person类的名为Person.count = 0 的类属性。您还可以通过在方法外部放置赋值语句来创建类属性。例如,

.count

将跟踪您的程序到目前为止创建的Person实例数。