我对rails很新。我刚开发的是这个新的应用程序，并没有对默认配置进行很多更改。
运行“rails test”时，我得到以下RuntimeError：
Running via Spring preloader in process 1447
/Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0/lib/rails/application.rb:351:in `initialize!': Application has been already initialized. (RuntimeError)
from /Users/holth/Documents/Code/Rails/ocmp/config/environment.rb:9:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `require'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `block in require'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:259:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `require'
from /Users/holth/Documents/Code/Rails/ocmp/test/test_helper.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `require'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `block in require'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:259:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `require'
from /Users/holth/Documents/code/rails/ocmp/test/controllers/buy_controller_test.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `require'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `block in require'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:259:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `require'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0/lib/rails/test_unit/test_requirer.rb:11:in `block in require_files'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0/lib/rails/test_unit/test_requirer.rb:10:in `each'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0/lib/rails/test_unit/test_requirer.rb:10:in `require_files'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0/lib/rails/test_unit/minitest_plugin.rb:76:in `plugin_rails_init'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/minitest-5.9.0/lib/minitest.rb:80:in `block in init_plugins'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/minitest-5.9.0/lib/minitest.rb:78:in `each'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/minitest-5.9.0/lib/minitest.rb:78:in `init_plugins'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/minitest-5.9.0/lib/minitest.rb:129:in `run'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0/lib/rails/commands/test.rb:9:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `require'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `block in require'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:259:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `require'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:138:in `require_command!'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:95:in `test'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:49:in `run_command!'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `require'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `block in require'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:259:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:293:in `require'
from /Users/holth/Documents/Code/Rails/ocmp/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:287:in `load'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:287:in `block in load'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:259:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:287:in `load'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /Users/holth/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from -e:1:in `<main>'
我尝试修改“config / environment.rb”以获得：
Rails.application.initialize! unless Rails.env.test?
Rails测试会开始，但我会在所有测试中出错。
ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished: No connection pool with id primary found.
这是我的“database.yml”：
default: &default
adapter: postgresql
encoding: unicode
pool: <%= ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 } %>
timeout: 5000
development:
<<: *default
database: ocmp_development
host: localhost
test:
<<: *default
database: ocmp_test
这是我的“test_helper.rb”：
ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path('../../config/environment', __FILE__)
require 'rails/test_help'
class ActiveSupport::TestCase
# Setup all fixtures in test/fixtures/*.yml for all tests in alphabetical order.
fixtures :all
# Add more helper methods to be used by all tests here...
end
请多多帮助，谢谢。