在Python中,假设我有这样的路径:
/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/
如何才能获得folderD
部分?
答案 0 :(得分:294)
使用os.path.normpath
,然后os.path.basename
:
>>> os.path.basename(os.path.normpath('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/'))
'folderD'
第一个剥离任何尾部斜杠,第二个为您提供路径的最后一部分。仅使用basename
会提供最后一个斜杠之后的所有内容,在本例中为''
。
答案 1 :(得分:18)
你可以做到
>>> import os
>>> os.path.basename('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD')
UPDATE1:这种方法适用于你给它/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/xx.py的情况。这将xx.py作为基本名称。我想这不是你想要的。所以你可以这样做 -
>>> import os
>>> path = "/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD"
>>> if os.path.isdir(path):
dirname = os.path.basename(path)
UPDATE2:正如lars指出的那样,进行更改以容纳尾随'/'。
>>> from os.path import normpath, basename
>>> basename(normpath('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/'))
'folderD'
答案 2 :(得分:12)
这是我的方法:
>>> import os
>>> print os.path.basename(
os.path.dirname('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/test.py'))
folderD
>>> print os.path.basename(
os.path.dirname('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/'))
folderD
>>> print os.path.basename(
os.path.dirname('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD'))
folderC
答案 3 :(得分:6)
我正在寻找一个解决方案,以获取文件所在的最后一个文件名,我只使用拆分两次,以获得正确的部分。这不是问题,但谷歌在这里转移了我。
pathname = "/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/filename.py"
head, tail = os.path.split(os.path.split(pathname)[0])
print(head + " " + tail)
答案 4 :(得分:3)
使用python 3,您可以使用pathlib
模块(例如pathlib.PurePath
):
>>> import pathlib
>>> path = pathlib.PurePath('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/')
>>> path.name
'folderD'
如果您想要文件所在的最后一个文件夹名称:
>>> path = pathlib.PurePath('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/file.py')
>>> path.parent.name
'folderD'
答案 5 :(得分:1)
天真的解决方案(Python 2.5.2 +):
s="/path/to/any/folder/orfile"
desired_dir_or_file = s[s.rindex('/',0,-1)+1:-1] if s.endswith('/') else s[s.rindex('/')+1:]
答案 6 :(得分:1)
如果您使用包 pathlib,那真的很简单。
>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> your_path = Path("/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/")
>>> your_path.stem
'folderD'
假设您有文件夹 D 中文件的路径。
>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> your_path = Path("/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/file.txt")
>>> your_path.stem
'file.txt'
>>> your_path.parent
'folderD'
答案 7 :(得分:0)
path = "/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/"
last = path.split('/').pop()
答案 8 :(得分:0)
str = "/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/"
print str.split("/")[-2]
答案 9 :(得分:0)
为此,我喜欢Path的parts方法:
grandparent_directory, parent_directory, filename = Path(export_filename).parts[-3:]
log.info(f'{t: <30}: {num_rows: >7} Rows exported to {grandparent_directory}/{parent_directory}/{filename}')
答案 10 :(得分:0)
在我当前的项目中,我经常将路径的后部传递给函数,因此使用Path
模块。要以相反的顺序获得第n个零件,我正在使用:
from typing import Union
from pathlib import Path
def get_single_subpath_part(base_dir: Union[Path, str], n:int) -> str:
if n ==0:
return Path(base_dir).name
for _ in range(n):
base_dir = Path(base_dir).parent
return getattr(base_dir, "name")
path= "/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/"
# for getting the last part:
print(get_single_subpath_part(path, 0))
# yields "folderD"
# for the second last
print(get_single_subpath_part(path, 1))
#yields "folderC"
此外,要以包含剩余路径的路径的相反顺序传递第n个部分,我使用:
from typing import Union
from pathlib import Path
def get_n_last_subparts_path(base_dir: Union[Path, str], n:int) -> Path:
return Path(*Path(base_dir).parts[-n-1:])
path= "/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/"
# for getting the last part:
print(get_n_last_subparts_path(path, 0))
# yields a `Path` object of "folderD"
# for second last and last part together
print(get_n_last_subparts_path(path, 1))
# yields a `Path` object of "folderc/folderD"
请注意,此函数返回一个Path
对象,该对象可以轻松转换为字符串(例如str(path)
)