从LLVM调用Win32 / 64函数的正确方法是什么?

时间:2016-08-25 15:46:59

标签: c++11 llvm calling-convention llvm-ir

我试图将LLVM IR中的方法调用回C ++代码。我正在使用64位Visual C ++,或者正如LLVM所描述的那样:

Machine CPU:      skylake
Machine info:     x86_64-pc-windows-msvc

对于整数类型和指针类型,我的代码工作正常。但是,浮点数似乎有点奇怪。

基本上这个电话看起来像这样:

struct SomeStruct 
{
    static void Breakpoint( return; } // used to set a breakpoint
    static void Set(uint8_t* ptr, double foo) { return foo * 2; }
};

和LLVM IR看起来像这样:

define i32 @main(i32, i8**) {
varinit:
  // omitted here: initialize %ptr from i8**. 
  %5 = load i8*, i8** %instance0

  // call to some method. This works - I use it to set a breakpoint
  call void @"Helper::Breakpoint"(i8* %5)

  // this call fails:
  call void @"Helper::Set"(i8* %5, double 0xC19EC46965A6494D)
  ret i32 0
}

declare double @"SomeStruct::Callback"(i8*, double)

我认为问题可能与调用约定的工作方式有关。因此,我尝试进行一些调整以纠正错误:

// during initialization of the function
auto function = llvm::Function::Create(functionType, llvm::Function::ExternalLinkage, name, module);
function->setCallingConv(llvm::CallingConv::X86_64_Win64);
...

// during calling of the function
call->setCallingConv(llvm::CallingConv::X86_64_Win64);

不幸的是,无论我尝试什么,我都会得到无效指令'此用户报告的错误是调用约定的问题:Clang producing executable with illegal instruction。我已尝试使用X86-64_Win64,Stdcall,Fastcall和没有调用约定规范 - 所有这些都具有相同的结果。

我已经阅读了https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms235286.aspx,试图找出正在发生的事情。然后我查看了应该由LLVM生成的程序集输出(使用targetMachine-> addPassesToEmitFile API调用)并找到:

    movq    (%rdx), %rsi
    movq    %rsi, %rcx
    callq   "Helper2<double>::Breakpoint"
    vmovsd  __real@c19ec46965a6494d(%rip), %xmm1
    movq    %rsi, %rcx
    callq   "Helper2<double>::Set"
    xorl    %eax, %eax
    addq    $32, %rsp
    popq    %rsi

根据MSDN,参数2应该在%xmm1中,所以看起来也是正确的。但是,在检查调试器中是否所有内容都有效时,Visual Studio会报告大量问号(例如,非法指令&#39;)。

感谢任何反馈。

反汇编代码:

00000144F2480007 48 B8 B6 48 B8 C8 FA 7F 00 00 mov         rax,7FFAC8B848B6h  
00000144F2480011 48 89 D1             mov         rcx,rdx  
00000144F2480014 48 89 54 24 20       mov         qword ptr [rsp+20h],rdx  
00000144F2480019 FF D0                call        rax  
00000144F248001B 48 B8 C0 48 B8 C8 FA 7F 00 00 mov         rax,7FFAC8B848C0h  
00000144F2480025 48 B9 00 00 47 F2 44 01 00 00 mov         rcx,144F2470000h  
00000144F248002F ??                   ?? ?? 
00000144F2480030 ??                   ?? ?? 
00000144F2480031 FF 08                dec         dword ptr [rax]  
00000144F2480033 10 09                adc         byte ptr [rcx],cl  
00000144F2480035 48 8B 4C 24 20       mov         rcx,qword ptr [rsp+20h]  
00000144F248003A FF D0                call        rax  
00000144F248003C 31 C0                xor         eax,eax  
00000144F248003E 48 83 C4 28          add         rsp,28h  
00000144F2480042 C3                   ret  

缺少有关内存的一些信息。记忆视图:

0x00000144F248001B 48 b8 c0 48 b8 c8 fa 7f 00 00 48 b9 00 00 47 f2 44 01 00 00 62 f1 ff 08 10 09 48 8b 4c 24 20 ff d0 31 c0 48 83 c4 28 c3 00 00 00 00 00。 ..

此处缺少的问号是:&#39; 62 f1&#39;。

有些代码有助于了解如何让JIT编译等等。我担心它有点长,但有助于理解...我不知道如何创建一个较小的一段代码。

    // Note: FunctionBinderBase basically holds an llvm::Function* object
    // which is bound using the above code and a name.
    llvm::ExecutionEngine* Module::Compile(std::unordered_map<std::string, FunctionBinderBase*>& externalFunctions)
    {
        //          DebugFlag = true;

#if (LLVMDEBUG >= 1)
        this->module->dump();
#endif

        // -- Initialize LLVM compiler: --
        std::string error;

        // Helper function, gets the current machine triplet.
        llvm::Triple triple(MachineContextInfo::Triplet()); 
        const llvm::Target *target = llvm::TargetRegistry::lookupTarget("x86-64", triple, error);
        if (!target)
        {
            throw error.c_str();
        }

        llvm::TargetOptions Options;
        // Options.PrintMachineCode = true;
        // Options.EnableFastISel = true;

        std::unique_ptr<llvm::TargetMachine> targetMachine(
            target->createTargetMachine(MachineContextInfo::Triplet(), MachineContextInfo::CPU(), "", Options, llvm::Reloc::Default, llvm::CodeModel::Default, llvm::CodeGenOpt::Aggressive));

        if (!targetMachine.get())
        {
            throw "Could not allocate target machine!";
        }

        // Create the target machine; set the module data layout to the correct values.
        auto DL = targetMachine->createDataLayout();
        module->setDataLayout(DL);
        module->setTargetTriple(MachineContextInfo::Triplet());

        // Pass manager builder:
        llvm::PassManagerBuilder pmbuilder;
        pmbuilder.OptLevel = 3;
        pmbuilder.BBVectorize = false;
        pmbuilder.SLPVectorize = true;
        pmbuilder.LoopVectorize = true;
        pmbuilder.Inliner = llvm::createFunctionInliningPass(3, 2);
        llvm::TargetLibraryInfoImpl *TLI = new llvm::TargetLibraryInfoImpl(triple);
        pmbuilder.LibraryInfo = TLI;

        // Generate pass managers:

        // 1. Function pass manager:
        llvm::legacy::FunctionPassManager FPM(module.get());
        pmbuilder.populateFunctionPassManager(FPM);

        // 2. Module pass manager:
        llvm::legacy::PassManager PM;
        PM.add(llvm::createTargetTransformInfoWrapperPass(targetMachine->getTargetIRAnalysis()));
        pmbuilder.populateModulePassManager(PM);

        // 3. Execute passes:
        //    - Per-function passes:
        FPM.doInitialization();
        for (llvm::Module::iterator I = module->begin(), E = module->end(); I != E; ++I)
        {
            if (!I->isDeclaration())
            {
                FPM.run(*I);
            }
        }
        FPM.doFinalization();

        //   - Per-module passes:
        PM.run(*module);

        // Fix function pointers; the PM.run will ruin them, this fixes that.
        for (auto it : externalFunctions)
        {
            auto name = it.first;
            auto fcn = module->getFunction(name);
            it.second->function = fcn;
        }

#if (LLVMDEBUG >= 2)
        // -- ASSEMBLER dump code
        // 3. Code generation pass manager:

        llvm::legacy::PassManager CGP;
        CGP.add(llvm::createTargetTransformInfoWrapperPass(targetMachine->getTargetIRAnalysis()));
        pmbuilder.populateModulePassManager(CGP);

        std::string result;
        llvm::raw_string_ostream str(result);
        llvm::buffer_ostream os(str);

        targetMachine->addPassesToEmitFile(CGP, os, llvm::TargetMachine::CodeGenFileType::CGFT_AssemblyFile);

        CGP.run(*module);

        str.flush();

        auto stringref = os.str();
        std::string assembly(stringref.begin(), stringref.end());

        std::cout << "ASM code: " << std::endl << "---------------------" << std::endl << assembly << std::endl << "---------------------" << std::endl;
        // -- end of ASSEMBLER dump code.

        for (auto it : externalFunctions)
        {
            auto name = it.first;
            auto fcn = module->getFunction(name);
            it.second->function = fcn;
        }

#endif

#if (LLVMDEBUG >= 2)
        module->dump(); 
#endif

        // All done, *RUN*.

        llvm::EngineBuilder engineBuilder(std::move(module));
        engineBuilder.setEngineKind(llvm::EngineKind::JIT);
        engineBuilder.setMCPU(MachineContextInfo::CPU());
        engineBuilder.setMArch("x86-64");
        engineBuilder.setUseOrcMCJITReplacement(false);
        engineBuilder.setOptLevel(llvm::CodeGenOpt::None);

        llvm::ExecutionEngine* engine = engineBuilder.create();

        // Define external functions
        for (auto it : externalFunctions)
        {
            auto fcn = it.second;
            if (fcn->function)
            {
                engine->addGlobalMapping(fcn->function, const_cast<void*>(fcn->FunctionPointer())); // Yuck... LLVM only takes non-const pointers
            }
        }

        // Finalize
        engine->finalizeObject();

        return engine;
    }

更新(进度)

显然我的Skylake有vmovsd指令的问题。在Haswell(服务器)上运行相同的代码时,测试成功。我已经检查了两者的装配输出 - 它们完全一样。

只是为了确定:XSAVE / XRESTORE不应该是Win10-x64上的问题,但无论如何都要发现。我已使用https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hskdteyh.aspx中的代码和https://insufficientlycomplicated.wordpress.com/2011/11/07/detecting-intel-advanced-vector-extensions-avx-in-visual-studio/中的XSAVE / XRESTORE检查了这些功能。后者运行得很好。至于前者,这些是结果:

GenuineIntel
Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
3DNOW not supported
3DNOWEXT not supported
ABM not supported
ADX supported
AES supported
AVX supported
AVX2 supported
AVX512CD not supported
AVX512ER not supported
AVX512F not supported
AVX512PF not supported
BMI1 supported
BMI2 supported
CLFSH supported
CMPXCHG16B supported
CX8 supported
ERMS supported
F16C supported
FMA supported
FSGSBASE supported
FXSR supported
HLE supported
INVPCID supported
LAHF supported
LZCNT supported
MMX supported
MMXEXT not supported
MONITOR supported
MOVBE supported
MSR supported
OSXSAVE supported
PCLMULQDQ supported
POPCNT supported
PREFETCHWT1 not supported
RDRAND supported
RDSEED supported
RDTSCP supported
RTM supported
SEP supported
SHA not supported
SSE supported
SSE2 supported
SSE3 supported
SSE4.1 supported
SSE4.2 supported
SSE4a not supported
SSSE3 supported
SYSCALL supported
TBM not supported
XOP not supported
XSAVE supported

这很奇怪,所以我想:为什么不直接发出指令。

int main()
{
    const double value = 1.2;
    const double value2 = 1.3;

    auto x1 = _mm_load_sd(&value);
    auto x2 = _mm_load_sd(&value2);

    std::string s;
    std::getline(std::cin, s);
}

此代码运行正常。反汇编:

    auto x1 = _mm_load_sd(&value);
00007FF7C4833724 C5 FB 10 45 08       vmovsd      xmm0,qword ptr [value]  

    auto x1 = _mm_load_sd(&value);
00007FF7C4833729 C5 F1 57 C9          vxorpd      xmm1,xmm1,xmm1  
00007FF7C483372D C5 F3 10 C0          vmovsd      xmm0,xmm1,xmm0  

显然它不会使用寄存器xmm1,但仍然证明指令本身可以解决问题。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

我刚刚检查了另一个英特尔Haswell这里发生了什么,并发现了这个:

0000015077F20110 C5 FB 10 08          vmovsd      xmm1,qword ptr [rax] 

显然,在英特尔Haswell上,它会发出另一个字节码指令而不是我的Skylake。

@Ha。实际上我很友好地指出了我正确的方向。是的,隐藏的字节确实表示VMOVSD,但显然它被编码为EVEX。这一切都很好,但EVEX前缀/编码将作为AVX512的一部分在最新的Skylake架构中引入,直到2017年Skylake Purley才会支持。换句话说,这个一个无效的指示。

要检查,我在X86MCCodeEmitter::EmitMemModRMByte中放了一个断点。在某些时候,我确实看到bool HasEVEX = [...]评估为真。这证实了codegen / emitter产生了错误的输出。

因此,我的结论是,这必须是Skylake CPU的LLVM目标信息中的错误。这意味着还有两件事要做:找出这个错误在LLVM中的确切位置,这样我们就可以解决这个问题并将错误报告给LLVM团队......

那么它在LLVM中的位置是什么?这很难说...... x86.td.def将skylake功能定义为'FeatureAVX512',它可能会触发X86SSELevel到AVX512F。这反过来会给出错误的指示。作为一种解决方法,最好简单告诉LLVM我们有一个Intel Haswell而且一切都会好的:

// MCPU is used to call createTargetMachine
llvm::StringRef MCPU = llvm::sys::getHostCPUName();
if (MCPU.str() == "skylake")
{
    MCPU = llvm::StringRef("haswell");
}

测试,工作。