刚开始使用Bash脚本，偶然发现jq可以使用JSON。
我需要将下面的JSON字符串转换为终端输出的表。
[{
"name": "George",
"id": 12,
"email": "george@domain.com"
}, {
"name": "Jack",
"id": 18,
"email": "jack@domain.com"
}, {
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": "joe@domain.com"
}]
我想在终端显示的内容：
ID Name
=================
12 George
18 Jack
19 Joe
请注意我不想显示每行的email属性，因此jq命令应该包含一些过滤。以下给出了一个名称和id的简单列表：
list=$(echo "$data" | jq -r '.[] | .name, .id')
printf "$list"
问题是，我不能像桌子一样显示它。我知道jq有一些格式化选项，但不如我使用printf时的选项差不多。我想我想在一个数组中得到这些值，然后我可以循环自己进行格式化......？我试过的东西给了我不同的结果，但绝不是我真正想要的。
有人能指出我正确的方向吗？
答案 0 :(得分：42)
使用@tsv过滤器有很多建议，主要是因为它以标准方式处理大量“边缘情况”：
.[] | [.id, .name] | @tsv
添加标题可以这样完成：
jq -r '["ID","NAME"], ["--","------"], (.[] | [.id, .name]) | @tsv'
结果：
ID NAME
-- ------
12 George
18 Jack
19 Joe
答案 1 :(得分：38)
为什么不能这样：
echo '[{
"name": "George",
"id": 12,
"email": "george@domain.com"
}, {
"name": "Jack",
"id": 18,
"email": "jack@domain.com"
}, {
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": "joe@domain.com"
}]' | jq -r '.[] | "\(.id)\t\(.name)"'
输出
12 George
18 Jack
19 Joe
修改1：对于细粒度格式，请使用awk
echo '[{
"name": "George",
"id": 12,
"email": "george@domain.com"
}, {
"name": "Jack",
"id": 18,
"email": "jack@domain.com"
}, {
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": "joe@domain.com"
}]' | jq -r '.[] | [.id, .name] | @csv' | awk -v FS="," 'BEGIN{print "ID\tName";print "============"}{printf "%s\t%s%s",$1,$2,ORS}'
ID Name
============
12 "George"
18 "Jack"
19 "Joe"
编辑2：回复
我无法直接获得包含数组的变量 来自jq？
为什么不呢？
将电子邮件更改为数组的一个涉及的示例（事实上已从您的修改）示例
echo '[{
"name": "George",
"id": 20,
"email": [ "george@domain1.com" , "george@domain2.com" ]
}, {
"name": "Jack",
"id": 18,
"email": [ "jack@domain3.com" , "jack@domain5.com" ]
}, {
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": [ "joe@domain.com" ]
}]' | jq -r '.[] | .email'
<强>输出
[
"george@domain1.com",
"george@domain2.com"
]
[
"jack@domain3.com",
"jack@domain5.com"
]
[
"joe@domain.com"
]
答案 2 :(得分：2)
手动定义标题不是最佳选择！省略标题也不是最佳选择。
TL; DR
$ grep -e . /tmp/data /tmp/jq-scrigt
/tmp/data:[{ "name": "George", "id": 12, "email": "george@domain.com" },
/tmp/data:{ "name": "Jack", "id": 18, "email": "jack@domain.com" },
/tmp/data:{ "name": "Joe", "id": 19, "email": "joe@domain.com" }]
/tmp/jq-scrigt: [.[]| with_entries( .key |= ascii_downcase ) ]
/tmp/jq-scrigt:| (.[0] |keys_unsorted | @tsv)
/tmp/jq-scrigt: , (.[]|.|map(.) |@tsv)
$ < /tmp/data jq -rf /tmp/jq-scrigt | column -t
name id email
George 12 george@domain.com
Jack 18 jack@domain.com
Joe 19 joe@domain.com
我总结了来自亚马逊网络服务的一些数据时发现了这个问题。如果您想要另一个示例，我正在研究的问题是
$ aws ec2 describe-spot-instance-requests | tee /tmp/ins |
jq --raw-output '
# extract instances as a flat list.
[.SpotInstanceRequests | .[]
# remove unwanted data
| {
State,
statusCode: .Status.Code,
type: .LaunchSpecification.InstanceType,
blockPrice: .ActualBlockHourlyPrice,
created: .CreateTime,
SpotInstanceRequestId}
]
# lowercase keys
# (for predictable sorting, optional)
| [.[]| with_entries( .key |= ascii_downcase ) ]
| (.[0] |keys_unsorted | @tsv) # print headers
, (.[]|.|map(.) |@tsv) # print table
' | column -t
输出：
state statuscode type blockprice created spotinstancerequestid
closed instance-terminated-by-user t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T15:21:36.000Z sir-r5bh7skq
cancelled bad-parameters t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T14:51:47.000Z sir-1k9s5h3m
closed instance-terminated-by-user t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T14:55:26.000Z sir-43x16b6n
cancelled bad-parameters t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T14:29:23.000Z sir-2jsh5brn
active fulfilled t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T15:37:26.000Z sir-z1e9591m
cancelled bad-parameters t3.nano 0.002000 2019-02-24T14:33:42.000Z sir-n7c15y5p
输入：
$ cat /tmp/ins
{
"SpotInstanceRequests": [
{
"Status": {
"Message": "2019-02-24T15:29:38+0000 : 2019-02-24T15:29:38+0000 : Spot Instance terminated due to user-initiated termination.",
"Code": "instance-terminated-by-user",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:31:03.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T15:21:36.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"InstanceId": "i-0414083bef5e91d94",
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-r5bh7skq",
"State": "closed",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "ami-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T15:21:36.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.008000"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.",
"Code": "bad-parameters",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:51:48.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:51:47.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"Fault": {
"Message": "Invalid device name /dev/sda",
"Code": "InvalidBlockDeviceMapping"
},
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-1k9s5h3m",
"State": "cancelled",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "ami-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:51:47.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.011600"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "2019-02-24T15:02:17+0000 : 2019-02-24T15:02:17+0000 : Spot Instance terminated due to user-initiated termination.",
"Code": "instance-terminated-by-user",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:03:34.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:55:26.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"InstanceId": "i-010442ac3cc85ec08",
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-43x16b6n",
"State": "closed",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "ami-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:55:26.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.011600"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.",
"Code": "bad-parameters",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:29:24.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:29:23.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"Fault": {
"Message": "Addressing type must be 'public'",
"Code": "InvalidParameterCombination"
},
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-2jsh5brn",
"State": "cancelled",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "ami-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:29:23.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.011600"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "Your spot request is fulfilled.",
"Code": "fulfilled",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:37:28.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T15:37:26.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"InstanceId": "i-0a29e9de6d59d433f",
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-z1e9591m",
"State": "active",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "ami-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T15:37:26.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.008000"
},
{
"Status": {
"Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.",
"Code": "bad-parameters",
"UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:33:43.000Z"
},
"ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000",
"ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:33:42.000Z",
"InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate",
"Tags": [],
"Fault": {
"Message": "Invalid device name /dev/sda",
"Code": "InvalidBlockDeviceMapping"
},
"BlockDurationMinutes": 60,
"SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-n7c15y5p",
"State": "cancelled",
"ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX",
"LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a",
"LaunchSpecification": {
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
},
"ImageId": "ami-6d27a913",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda",
"VirtualName": "root",
"NoDevice": "",
"Ebs": {
"Encrypted": false,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "gp2",
"VolumeSize": 8
}
}
],
"EbsOptimized": false,
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "default"
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": false
},
"InstanceType": "t3.nano",
"AddressingType": "public",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"Description": "eth-zero",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b",
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
]
},
"Type": "one-time",
"CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:33:42.000Z",
"SpotPrice": "0.011600"
}
]
}
答案 3 :(得分：2)
我混合了所有响应以获得所有这些行为
函数bash
function jsonArrayToTable(){
jq -r '(.[0] | ([keys[] | .] |(., map(length*"-")))), (.[] | ([keys[] as $k | .[$k]])) | @tsv' | column -t -s $'\t'
}
示例使用
echo '[{"key1":"V1.1", "key2":"V2.1"}, {"keyA":"V1.2", "key2":"V2.2"}]' | jsonArrayToTable
输出
key1 key2
---- ----
V1.1 V2.1
V2.2 V1.2
答案 4 :(得分：0)
如果值不包含空格，这可能会有所帮助：
read -r -a data <<<'name1 value1 name2 value2'
echo "name value"
echo "=========="
for ((i=0; i<${#data[@]}; i+=2)); do
echo ${data[$i]} ${data[$((i+1))]}
done
<强>输出
name value
==========
name1 value1
name2 value2
答案 5 :(得分：0)
上述答案的问题是，只有当字段的宽度都相同时，它们才起作用。
为避免此问题，可以使用Linux column命令：
// input.json
[
{
"name": "George",
"id": "a very very long field",
"email": "george@domain.com"
},
{
"name": "Jack",
"id": 18,
"email": "jack@domain.com"
},
{
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": "joe@domain.com"
}
]
然后：
▶ jq -r '.[] | [.id, .name] | @tsv' input.json | column -ts $'\t'
a very very long field George
18 Jack
19 Joe
答案 6 :(得分：0)
如果你想生成一个 HTML 表格而不是终端输出表格：
echo '[{
"name": "George",
"id": 12,
"email": "george@domain.com"
}, {
"name": "Jack",
"id": 18,
"email": "jack@domain.com"
}, {
"name": "Joe",
"id": 19,
"email": "joe@domain.com"
}]' | jq -r 'map("<tr><td>" + .name + "</td><td>" + (.id | tostring) + "</td></tr>") | ["<table>"] + . + ["</table>"] | .[]'
输出：
<table>
<tr><td>George</td><td>12</td></tr>
<tr><td>Jack</td><td>18</td></tr>
<tr><td>Joe</td><td>19</td></tr>
</table>