如何用嵌套结构解析html文件?

时间:2016-08-19 21:20:56

标签: html r html-parsing

使用R和XML包,我一直在尝试从具有与此类似结构的html文件中提取地址:

<!DOCTYPE html>
  <body>
    <div class='entry'>
      <span class='name'>Marcus Smith</span>
      <span class='town'>New York</span>
      <span class='phone'>123456789</span>
    </div>
    <div class='entry'>
      <span class='name'>Henry Higgins</span>
      <span class='town'>London</span>
    </div>
    <div class='entry'>
      <span class='name'>Paul Miller</span>
      <span class='town'>Boston</span>
      <span class='phone'>987654321</span>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

我先做以下

library(XML)
html <- htmlTreeParse("test.html", useInternalNodes = TRUE)
root <- xmlRoot(html)

现在,我可以得到所有的名字:

xpathSApply(root, "//span[@class='name']", xmlValue)
## [1] "Marcus Smith"  "Henry Higgins" "Paul Miller"

现在问题是所有地址都没有一些元素。在示例中,这是电话号码:

xpathSApply(root, "//span[@class='phone']", xmlValue)
## [1] "123456789" "987654321"

如果我这样做,我就无法将电话号码分配给合适的人。因此,我尝试首先提取整个地址簿条目,如下所示:

divs <- getNodeSet(root, "//div[@class='entry']")
divs[[1]]
## <div class="entry">
##   <span class="name">Marcus Smith</span>
##   <span class="town">New York</span>
##   <span class="phone">123456789</span>
## </div> 

从输出中我发现我已达到目标并且我可以得到,例如,对应于第一个条目的名称如下:

xpathSApply(divs[[1]], "//span[@class='name']", xmlValue)
## [1] "Marcus Smith"  "Henry Higgins" "Paul Miller" 

但即使divs[[1]]的输出仅显示Marcus Smith的数据,我也会收到所有三个名字。

这是为什么?我需要做什么,以这种方式提取地址数据,我知道nametownphone的哪些值属于一起?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

如果每个条目的商品数量不详,您可以将dplyr::bind_rowsdata.table::rbindlistrvest结合使用,如下所示:

require(rvest)
require(dplyr)
# Little helper-function to extract all children and set Names
extract_info <- function(node){
  child <- html_children(node)
  as.list(setNames(child %>% html_text(), child %>% html_attr("class")))
}

doc <- read_html(txt)
doc %>% html_nodes(".entry") %>% lapply(extract_info) %>% bind_rows

给你:

           name     town     phone
          (chr)    (chr)     (chr)
1  Marcus Smith New York 123456789
2 Henry Higgins   London        NA
3   Paul Miller   Boston 987654321

或者使用rbindlist(fill=TRUE)代替bind_rows,这会导致data.table。或者使用purrr代替map_df(as.list)

答案 1 :(得分:2)

purrr通过嵌套节点并将结果列表破解为data.frame来使rvest更有用:

library(rvest)
library(purrr)

html %>% read_html() %>% 
    # select all entry divs
    html_nodes('div.entry') %>% 
    # for each entry div, select all spans, keeping results in a list element
    map(html_nodes, css = 'span') %>% 
    # for each list element, set the name of the text to the class attribute
    map(~setNames(html_text(.x), html_attr(.x, 'class'))) %>% 
    # convert named vectors to list elements; convert list to a data.frame
    map_df(as.list) %>% 
    # convert character vectors to appropriate types
    dmap(type.convert, as.is = TRUE)

## # A tibble: 3 x 3
##            name     town     phone
##           <chr>    <chr>     <int>
## 1  Marcus Smith New York 123456789
## 2 Henry Higgins   London        NA
## 3   Paul Miller   Boston 987654321

当然,您可以用基数替换所有purrr,但需要更多步骤。

答案 2 :(得分:1)

可能xpath表达式有问题,“//”总是转到根元素?

此代码适用于测试数据:

one.entry <- function(x) {
    name <- getNodeSet(x, "span[@class='name']")
    phone <- getNodeSet(x, "span[@class='phone']")
    town <- getNodeSet(x, "span[@class='town']")

    name <- if(length(name)==1) xmlValue(name[[1]]) else NA
    phone <- if(length(phone)==1) xmlValue(phone[[1]]) else NA
    town <- if(length(town)==1) xmlValue(town[[1]]) else NA

    return(data.frame(name=name, phone=phone, town=town, stringsAsFactors=F))
}

do.call(rbind, lapply(divs, one.entry))

答案 3 :(得分:1)

丑陋的基础R + rvest解决方案(但我欺骗并使用管道以避免地狱般的嵌套parens或临时任务)来展示++ gd @ alistaire的解决方案:

library(rvest)
library(magrittr)

read_html("<!DOCTYPE html>
  <body>
    <div class='entry'>
      <span class='name'>Marcus Smith</span>
      <span class='town'>New York</span>
      <span class='phone'>123456789</span>
    </div>
    <div class='entry'>
      <span class='name'>Henry Higgins</span>
      <span class='town'>London</span>
    </div>
    <div class='entry'>
      <span class='name'>Paul Miller</span>
      <span class='town'>Boston</span>
      <span class='phone'>987654321</span>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>") -> pg

pg %>% 
  html_nodes('div.entry') %>% 
  lapply(html_nodes, css='span') %>% 
  lapply(function(x) { 
    setNames(html_text(x), html_attr(x, 'class')) %>% 
      as.list() %>% 
      as.data.frame(stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
  }) %>% 
  lapply(., unlist) %>% 
  lapply("[", unique(unlist(c(sapply(., names))))) %>% 
  do.call(rbind, .) %>% 
  as.data.frame(stringsAsFactors=FALSE)