在我的程序中，我需要使用外部应用程序打开文件（Bentley MicroStation，如果它很重要）。我需要打开文件的应用程序对用户不可见（我将对它执行一些操作）。
使用Process打开文件的方式似乎很好，除了一件事 - 对“example.txt”或“example.doc”的测试表明，即使ProcessStartInfo属性WindowStyle设置为Minimized或Hidden，你仍然会看到应用程序打开文件。
那么，如何在不向用户显示操作的情况下打开文件？当然，之后可以隐藏应用程序窗口，但这不是我需要的......
更新。我使用Bentley MicroStation XM版。它有一个可以禁用的启动画面。
主要问题：当使用Process和ProcessStartInfo通过命令行参数（要打开的文件名）和各种设置（如WindowsStyle（隐藏），UseShellExecute（false），CreateNoWindow（true）应用程序窗口启动并可见时，启动MicroStation。使用win api WinExec进行简单测试，并将uCmdShow设置为0（隐藏），结果相同。
接受以后台模式启动应用程序的任何解决方案。提前谢谢。
答案 0 :(得分：3)
在我看来，实现您的要求的最简单方法是在另一个windows desktop上启动新流程。默认进程pesktop是“WinSta0 \ Default”。关于CreateDesktop功能，您可以使用名称“MyDesktop”创建新桌面，然后在桌面上启动proccess。
以下代码演示了该技术：
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.ComponentModel;
namespace HiddenDesktop {
class Program {
static void Main (string[] args) {
string desktopName = "MyDesktop";
string appPath = @"%SystemRoot%\system32\cmd.exe";
string parameters = @"/c dir C:\ >%TEMP%\dir.txt";
IntPtr hDesktop = IntPtr.Zero;
NativeMethods.ProcessInformation processInfo = new NativeMethods.ProcessInformation ();
bool isSuccess;
try {
hDesktop = NativeMethods.CreateDesktop (desktopName, null, null, 0,
NativeMethods.ACCESS_MASK.MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, null);
if (hDesktop == IntPtr.Zero) {
DisplayLastErrorMessage ();
return;
}
NativeMethods.StartupInfo startupInfo = new NativeMethods.StartupInfo ();
NativeMethods.CreateProcessFlags dwCreationFlags = NativeMethods.CreateProcessFlags.NormalPriorityClass;
startupInfo.cb = Marshal.SizeOf (typeof (NativeMethods.StartupInfo));
startupInfo.lpDesktop = "WinSta0\\" + desktopName;
string currentDirectory = Environment.CurrentDirectory;
appPath = Environment.ExpandEnvironmentVariables (appPath);
//if (appPath.IndexOf (' ') != -1)
// appPath = '\"' + appPath + '\"';
StringBuilder sbParameters = new StringBuilder (3 + appPath.Length + parameters.Length);
if (appPath.IndexOf (' ') != -1) {
sbParameters.Append ('\"');
sbParameters.Append (appPath);
sbParameters.Append ('\"');
}
else
sbParameters.Append (appPath);
sbParameters.Append (' ');
sbParameters.Append (parameters);
// appPath - full path to the exe without having " if the file has blanks in the path
isSuccess = NativeMethods.CreateProcess (appPath,
sbParameters.ToString(), IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, false, dwCreationFlags,
IntPtr.Zero, currentDirectory, ref startupInfo, out processInfo);
if (!isSuccess) {
DisplayLastErrorMessage ();
return;
}
NativeMethods.CloseHandle (processInfo.hThread);
processInfo.hThread = IntPtr.Zero;
if (NativeMethods.WaitForSingleObject (processInfo.hProcess, NativeMethods.Infinite) == NativeMethods.WaitObject0) {
Console.WriteLine ("the process is ended");
}
}
finally {
if (processInfo.hThread != IntPtr.Zero)
isSuccess = NativeMethods.CloseHandle (processInfo.hThread);
if (processInfo.hProcess != IntPtr.Zero)
isSuccess = NativeMethods.CloseHandle (processInfo.hProcess);
if (hDesktop != IntPtr.Zero)
isSuccess = NativeMethods.CloseDesktop (hDesktop);
}
}
static void DisplayLastErrorMessage () {
int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error ();
Win32Exception error32 = new Win32Exception (errorCode);
Console.WriteLine ("Error {0}: {1}", errorCode, error32.Message);
}
}
internal static class NativeMethods {
internal const int NoError = 0;
internal const UInt32 Infinite = 0xFFFFFFFF;
internal const UInt32 WaitAbandoned = 0x00000080;
internal const UInt32 WaitObject0 = 0x00000000;
internal const UInt32 WaitTimeout = 0x00000102;
[Flags]
internal enum ACCESS_MASK : uint {
DELETE = 0x00010000,
READ_CONTROL = 0x00020000,
WRITE_DAC = 0x00040000,
WRITE_OWNER = 0x00080000,
SYNCHRONIZE = 0x00100000,
STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED = 0x000f0000,
STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ = 0x00020000,
STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE = 0x00020000,
STANDARD_RIGHTS_EXECUTE = 0x00020000,
STANDARD_RIGHTS_ALL = 0x001f0000,
SPECIFIC_RIGHTS_ALL = 0x0000ffff,
ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY = 0x01000000,
MAXIMUM_ALLOWED = 0x02000000,
GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000,
GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000,
GENERIC_EXECUTE = 0x20000000,
GENERIC_ALL = 0x10000000,
DESKTOP_READOBJECTS = 0x00000001,
DESKTOP_CREATEWINDOW = 0x00000002,
DESKTOP_CREATEMENU = 0x00000004,
DESKTOP_HOOKCONTROL = 0x00000008,
DESKTOP_JOURNALRECORD = 0x00000010,
DESKTOP_JOURNALPLAYBACK = 0x00000020,
DESKTOP_ENUMERATE = 0x00000040,
DESKTOP_WRITEOBJECTS = 0x00000080,
DESKTOP_SWITCHDESKTOP = 0x00000100,
WINSTA_ENUMDESKTOPS = 0x00000001,
WINSTA_READATTRIBUTES = 0x00000002,
WINSTA_ACCESSCLIPBOARD = 0x00000004,
WINSTA_CREATEDESKTOP = 0x00000008,
WINSTA_WRITEATTRIBUTES = 0x00000010,
WINSTA_ACCESSGLOBALATOMS = 0x00000020,
WINSTA_EXITWINDOWS = 0x00000040,
WINSTA_ENUMERATE = 0x00000100,
WINSTA_READSCREEN = 0x00000200,
WINSTA_ALL_ACCESS = 0x0000037f
}
[StructLayout (LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public class SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES {
public int nLength;
public IntPtr lpSecurityDescriptor;
public int bInheritHandle;
}
[StructLayout (LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal struct ProcessInformation {
internal IntPtr hProcess;
internal IntPtr hThread;
internal int dwProcessId;
internal int dwThreadId;
}
[StructLayout (LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
internal struct StartupInfo {
internal Int32 cb;
internal string lpReserved;
internal string lpDesktop;
internal string lpTitle;
internal Int32 dwX;
internal Int32 dwY;
internal Int32 dwXSize;
internal Int32 dwYSize;
internal Int32 dwXCountChars;
internal Int32 dwYCountChars;
internal Int32 dwFillAttribute;
internal Int32 dwFlags;
internal Int16 wShowWindow;
internal Int16 cbReserved2;
internal IntPtr lpReserved2;
internal IntPtr hStdInput;
internal IntPtr hStdOutput;
internal IntPtr hStdError;
}
[Flags]
internal enum CreateProcessFlags : uint {
DebugProcess = 0x00000001,
DebugOnlyThisProcess = 0x00000002,
CreateSuspended = 0x00000004,
DetachedProcess = 0x00000008,
CreateNewConsole = 0x00000010,
NormalPriorityClass = 0x00000020,
IdlePriorityClass = 0x00000040,
HighPriorityClass = 0x00000080,
RealtimePriorityClass = 0x00000100,
CreateNewProcessGroup = 0x00000200,
CreateUnicodeEnvironment = 0x00000400,
CreateSeparateWowVdm = 0x00000800,
CreateSharedWowVdm = 0x00001000,
CreateForcedos = 0x00002000,
BelowNormalPriorityClass = 0x00004000,
AboveNormalPriorityClass = 0x00008000,
InheritParentAffinity = 0x00010000,
InheritCallerPriority = 0x00020000, // Deprecated
CreateProtectedProcess = 0x00040000,
ExtendedStartupinfoPresent = 0x00080000,
ProcessModeBackgroundBegin = 0x00100000,
ProcessModeBackgroundEnd = 0x00200000,
CreateBreakawayFromJob = 0x01000000,
CreatePreserveCodeAuthzLevel = 0x02000000,
CreateDefaultErrorMode = 0x04000000,
CreateNoWindow = 0x08000000,
ProfileUser = 0x10000000,
ProfileKernel = 0x20000000,
ProfileServer = 0x40000000,
CreateIgnoreSystemDefault = 0x80000000,
}
[DllImport ("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
internal static extern IntPtr CreateDesktop (
string desktopName,
string device, // must be null.
string deviceMode, // must be null,
int flags, // use 0
ACCESS_MASK accessMask,
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES attributes);
[DllImport ("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs (UnmanagedType.Bool)]
internal static extern bool CloseDesktop (IntPtr hDesktop);
[DllImport ("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
[return: MarshalAs (UnmanagedType.Bool)]
internal static extern bool CreateProcess (string lpApplicationName, string lpCommandLine, IntPtr lpProcessAttributes, IntPtr lpThreadAttributes,
bool bInheritHandles, CreateProcessFlags dwCreationFlags, IntPtr lpEnvironment,
string lpCurrentDirectory, ref StartupInfo lpStartupInfo, out ProcessInformation lpProcessInformation);
[DllImport ("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs (UnmanagedType.Bool)]
internal static extern bool CloseHandle (IntPtr hObject);
[DllImport ("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
internal static extern UInt32 WaitForSingleObject (IntPtr hHandle, UInt32 dwMilliseconds);
}
}
答案 1 :(得分：1)
尝试将CreateNoWindow 设置为true以隐藏窗口。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
如果你想隐藏Microstation窗口，你必须通过mdl或.net addin创建一个Microstation应用程序，你可以在其中完成你的工作，以及Microstation将加载和运行。然后，您可以在非图形模式下创建微观状态。