运行多个线程我需要保证我的每个线程都会在继续之前达到某个点。我需要实施一种障碍。考虑一个可以从多个线程运行的函数func
:
void func()
{
operation1();
// wait till all threads reached this point
operation2();
}
使用C ++ 11和VS12实现此障碍的最佳方法是什么,如果需要可以考虑提升。
答案 0 :(得分:8)
您可以使用boost::barrier
不幸的是,线程障碍概念本身不是c ++ 11或visual c ++的一部分
在纯c ++ 11中,您可以使用condition variable和计数器。
#include <iostream>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
class my_barrier
{
public:
my_barrier(int count)
: thread_count(count)
, counter(0)
, waiting(0)
{}
void wait()
{
//fence mechanism
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(m);
++counter;
++waiting;
cv.wait(lk, [&]{return counter >= thread_count;});
cv.notify_one();
--waiting;
if(waiting == 0)
{
//reset barrier
counter = 0;
}
lk.unlock();
}
private:
std::mutex m;
std::condition_variable cv;
int counter;
int waiting;
int thread_count;
};
int thread_waiting = 3;
my_barrier barrier(3);
void func1()
{
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(3));
barrier.wait();
std::cout << "I have awakened" << std::endl;
}
void func2()
{
barrier.wait();
std::cout << "He has awakened!!" << std::endl;
}
int main() {
std::thread t1(func1);
std::thread t2(func2);
std::thread t3(func2);
t1.join();
t2.join();
t3.join();
}
每个线程等待直到满足谓词。最后一个线程将使谓词有效,并允许等待线程继续。如果你想重用 屏障(例如多次调用函数),你需要另一个 变量来重置计数器。
目前的实施是有限的。两次调用func();func();
可能不会使线程第二次等待。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
一个选项可能是使用OpenMP框架。
#include <omp.h>
void func()
{
#pragma omp parallel num_threads(number_of_threads)
{
operation1();
#pragma omp barrier
// wait till all threads reached this point
operation2();
}
}
使用-fopenmp
编译代码答案 2 :(得分:0)
解决方案:
#include <cassert>
#include <condition_variable>
class Barrier
{
public:
Barrier(std::size_t nb_threads)
: m_mutex(),
m_condition(),
m_nb_threads(nb_threads)
{
assert(0u != m_nb_threads);
}
Barrier(const Barrier& barrier) = delete;
Barrier(Barrier&& barrier) = delete;
~Barrier() noexcept
{
assert(0u == m_nb_threads);
}
Barrier& operator=(const Barrier& barrier) = delete;
Barrier& operator=(Barrier&& barrier) = delete;
void Wait()
{
std::unique_lock< std::mutex > lock(m_mutex);
assert(0u != m_nb_threads);
if (0u == --m_nb_threads)
{
m_condition.notify_all();
}
else
{
m_condition.wait(lock, [this]() { return 0u == m_nb_threads; });
}
}
private:
std::mutex m_mutex;
std::condition_variable m_condition;
std::size_t m_nb_threads;
};
示例:
#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
Barrier barrier(2u);
void func1()
{
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(3));
barrier.Wait();
std::cout << "t1 awakened" << std::endl;
}
void func2()
{
barrier.Wait();
std::cout << "t2 awakened" << std::endl;
}
int main()
{
std::thread t1(func1);
std::thread t2(func2);
t1.join();
t2.join();
return 0;
}
在线试用:WandBox