Question

我喜欢将我的C ++环境从Windows上的Visual Studio转移到在MacOS或Ubuntu上构建简单的软件。

我这样做的测试项目（小蛇游戏）包含以下结构

Snake
|- bin
|- data
|- docs
|- lib
|- inc
   |- application
         |- app_main.h
         |- app_game_state.h
         |- app_load_map_state.h
         |- app_main_menu_state.h
         |- app_play_state.h
         |- app_shutdown_state.h
         |- app_startup_state.h
         |- app_state.h
         |- app_unload_map_state.h
   |- core
   |- graphics
   |- gui
   |- logic
   |- world
|- intern
   |- build
      |- obj
   |- tests
   |- src
      |- application
         |- Makefile
         |- main.cpp
         |- app_main.cpp
         |- app_game_state.cpp
         |- app_load_map_state.cpp
         |- app_main_menu_state.cpp
         |- app_play_state.cpp
         |- app_shutdown_state.cpp
         |- app_startup_state.cpp
         |- app_state.cpp
         |- app_unload_map_state.cpp
      |- core
      |- graphics
      |- gui
      |- logic
      |- world

Makefile的结构如下：

IDIR = ../../../inc
CC = g++
CFLAGS = -I$(IDIR)

ODIR = ../../build/obj
LDIR = ../../../lib

VPATH = ../core:../graphics/:../gui/:../logic/:../world/

_DEPS = app_game_state.h app_load_map_state.h app_main.h app_main_menu_state.h app_play_state.h app_shutdown_state.h app_startup_state.h app_state.h app_unload_map_state.h
DEPS = $(patsubst %,$(IDIR)/%,$(_DEPS))

_OBJ = main.o app_game_state.o app_load_map_state.o app_main.o app_main_menu_state.o app_play_state.o app_shutdown_state.o app_startup_state.o app_state.o app_unload_map_state.o
OBJ = $(patsubst %,$(ODIR)/%,$(_OBJ))

$(ODIR)/%.o: %.cpp $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)

main: $(OBJ)
    g++ -o $@ $^ $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS)

.PHONY: clean

clean:
    rm -f $(ODIR)/*.o *~core $(INCDIR)/*~

我的目标是将我从this excellent beginner tutorial on Makefiles学到的东西移植到我自己的架构中。教程make命令在我的机器上运行没有问题。所以我想我错过了什么。

由于我是Makefiles的新手，对我来说理解这些概念有点困难。即使我想了解基础知识，当我从make: *** No rule to make target '../../build/obj/main.o', needed by 'main'. Stop.运行make时，make命令会返回intern/src/application错误

为了解决这个问题，我尝试将gcc makefile error: "No rule to make target ..."的解决方案应用到我的代码中 - 但没有成功。

我的Makefile中的错误在哪里以及我不理解的内容？

修改这里是启用了-d标志的make输出（由于消息中符号的stackoverflows限制，必须从头开始删除一些代码）

GNU Make 3.81
Copyright (C) 2006  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

This program built for i386-apple-darwin11.3.0
Reading makefiles...
Reading makefile `Makefile'...
...
    Looking for a rule with intermediate file `Makefile.S'.
     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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Updating goal targets....
Considering target file `main'.
 File `main' does not exist.
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    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/SCCS/s.main.mod'.
   No implicit rule found for `../../build/obj/main.o'.
   Finished prerequisites of target file `../../build/obj/main.o'.
  Must remake target `../../build/obj/main.o'.

Answer 1

规则的依赖关系

$(ODIR)/%.o: %.cpp $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)

不满意：make找到main.cpp确定它找不到$(DEPS)的依赖关系。您可以通过将IDIR指向正确的目录来解决问题：

IDIR = = ../../../inc/application

不可否认，错误信息并非完全有用。

Answer 2

我不知道为什么你的隐含规则不起作用。

$(ODIR)/%.o: %.cpp $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)

但是，在它的位置，请尝试使用以下static pattern rule来制作目标文件：

$(OBJ): $(ODIR)/%.o: %.cpp $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)

这里提出了一个非常类似的问题 - GNU Make pattern to build output in different directory than src。我尝试了你所展示的目录设置的答案，并且它有效。

如果我应该将此添加为评论，请告诉我。我无法弄清楚哪个是对的。

缺少什么：make：***没有规则来制定目标

2 个答案: