当我尝试使用我在django应用程序中创建的函数进行刮擦时，我一直在努力了解我的问题。该功能转到网站收集数据并将其存储在我的数据库中。起初我尝试使用rq和redis一段时间，但我不断收到错误消息。所以有人认为我应该尝试使用芹菜，我做到了。但我现在看到rq和芹菜都是问题所在。因为我收到的错误信息与之前相同。我累了导入它，但仍然得到了错误信息，然后我想好了也许如果我在tasks.py文件中有实际的功能，它会产生影响，但事实并非如此。继承我在tasks.py
中尝试使用的功能import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from src.blog.models import Post
import random
import re
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
import os
@app.tasks
def p_panties():
def swappo():
user_one = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" '
user_two = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_5)" '
user_thr = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko" '
user_for = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X x.y; rv:10.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/10.0" '
agent_list = [user_one, user_two, user_thr, user_for]
a = random.choice(agent_list)
return a
headers = {
"user-agent": swappo(),
"accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
"accept-charset": "ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3",
"accept-encoding": "gzip,deflate,sdch",
"accept-language": "en-US,en;q=0.8",
}
pan_url = 'http://www.example.org'
shtml = requests.get(pan_url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(shtml.text, 'html5lib')
video_row = soup.find_all('div', {'class': 'post-start'})
name = 'pan videos'
if os.getenv('_system_name') == 'OSX':
author = User.objects.get(id=2)
else:
author = User.objects.get(id=3)
def youtube_link(url):
youtube_page = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soupdata = BeautifulSoup(youtube_page.text, 'html5lib')
video_row = soupdata.find_all('p')[0]
entries = [{'text': div,
} for div in video_row]
tubby = str(entries[0]['text'])
urls = re.findall('http[s]?://(?:[a-zA-Z]|[0-9]|[$-_@.&+]|[!*\(\),]|(?:%[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]))+', tubby)
cleaned_url = urls[0].replace('?&autoplay=1', '')
return cleaned_url
def yt_id(code):
the_id = code
youtube_id = the_id.replace('https://www.youtube.com/embed/', '')
return youtube_id
def strip_hd(hd, move):
str = hd
new_hd = str.replace(move, '')
return new_hd
entries = [{'href': div.a.get('href'),
'text': strip_hd(strip_hd(div.h2.text, '– Official video HD'), '– Oficial video HD').lstrip(),
'embed': youtube_link(div.a.get('href')), #embed
'comments': strip_hd(strip_hd(div.h2.text, '– Official video HD'), '– Oficial video HD').lstrip(),
'src': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/' + yt_id(youtube_link(div.a.get('href'))) + '/maxresdefault.jpg', #image
'name': name,
'url': div.a.get('href'),
'author': author,
'video': True
} for div in video_row][:13]
for entry in entries:
post = Post()
post.title = entry['text']
title = post.title
if not Post.objects.filter(title=title):
post.title = entry['text']
post.name = entry['name']
post.url = entry['url']
post.body = entry['comments']
post.image_url = entry['src']
post.video_path = entry['embed']
post.author = entry['author']
post.video = entry['video']
post.status = 'draft'
post.save()
post.tags.add("video", "Musica")
return entries
并在python shell中运行
from tasks import *
我得到了
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/tasks.py", line 5, in <module>
from src.blog.models import Post
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/src/blog/models.py", line 3, in <module>
from taggit.managers import TaggableManager
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/taggit/managers.py", line 7, in <module>
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 159, in <module>
class ContentType(models.Model):
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 160, in ContentType
app_label = models.CharField(max_length=100)
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 1072, in __init__
super(CharField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 166, in __init__
self.db_tablespace = db_tablespace or settings.DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 55, in __getattr__
self._setup(name)
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 41, in _setup
% (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.
这是我用rq和redis完全相同的追溯。我发现如果我像这样修改导入
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# from src.blog.models import Post
import random
import re
# from django.contrib.auth.models import User
import os
并像这样修改我的功能
@app.task
def p_panties():
def swappo():
user_one = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" '
user_two = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_5)" '
user_thr = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko" '
user_for = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X x.y; rv:10.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/10.0" '
agent_list = [user_one, user_two, user_thr, user_for]
a = random.choice(agent_list)
return a
headers = {
"user-agent": swappo(),
"accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
"accept-charset": "ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3",
"accept-encoding": "gzip,deflate,sdch",
"accept-language": "en-US,en;q=0.8",
}
pan_url = 'http://www.example.org'
shtml = requests.get(pan_url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(shtml.text, 'html5lib')
video_row = soup.find_all('div', {'class': 'post-start'})
name = 'pan videos'
# if os.getenv('_system_name') == 'OSX':
# author = User.objects.get(id=2)
# else:
# author = User.objects.get(id=3)
def youtube_link(url):
youtube_page = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soupdata = BeautifulSoup(youtube_page.text, 'html5lib')
video_row = soupdata.find_all('p')[0]
entries = [{'text': div,
} for div in video_row]
tubby = str(entries[0]['text'])
urls = re.findall('http[s]?://(?:[a-zA-Z]|[0-9]|[$-_@.&+]|[!*\(\),]|(?:%[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]))+', tubby)
cleaned_url = urls[0].replace('?&autoplay=1', '')
return cleaned_url
def yt_id(code):
the_id = code
youtube_id = the_id.replace('https://www.youtube.com/embed/', '')
return youtube_id
def strip_hd(hd, move):
str = hd
new_hd = str.replace(move, '')
return new_hd
entries = [{'href': div.a.get('href'),
'text': strip_hd(strip_hd(div.h2.text, '– Official video HD'), '– Oficial video HD').lstrip(),
'embed': youtube_link(div.a.get('href')), #embed
'comments': strip_hd(strip_hd(div.h2.text, '– Official video HD'), '– Oficial video HD').lstrip(),
'src': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/' + yt_id(youtube_link(div.a.get('href'))) + '/maxresdefault.jpg', #image
'name': name,
'url': div.a.get('href'),
# 'author': author,
'video': True
} for div in video_row][:13]
#
# for entry in entries:
# post = Post()
# post.title = entry['text']
# title = post.title
# if not Post.objects.filter(title=title):
# post.title = entry['text']
# post.name = entry['name']
# post.url = entry['url']
# post.body = entry['comments']
# post.image_url = entry['src']
# post.video_path = entry['embed']
# post.author = entry['author']
# post.video = entry['video']
# post.status = 'draft'
# post.save()
# post.tags.add("video", "Musica")
return entries
它有效，因为这是我的输出
[2016-08-13 08:31:17,222: INFO/MainProcess] Received task: tasks.p_panties[e196c6bf-2b87-4bb2-ae11-452e3c41434f]
[2016-08-13 08:31:17,238: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): www.example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:17,582: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:18,314: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:18,870: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:19,476: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:20,089: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:20,711: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:21,218: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:21,727: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:22,372: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:22,785: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:23,375: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:23,983: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:24,396: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:25,003: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:25,621: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:26,029: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:26,446: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:27,261: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:27,671: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:28,082: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:28,694: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:29,311: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:29,922: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:30,535: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:31,154: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:31,765: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:32,387: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:32,992: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:33,611: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:34,030: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:34,635: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:35,041: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:35,659: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:36,278: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:36,886: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:37,496: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:37,913: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:38,564: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:39,143: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:39,754: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:40,409: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:40,992: INFO/MainProcess] Task tasks.p_panties[e196c6bf-2b87-4bb2-ae11-452e3c41434f] succeeded in 23.767645187006565s: [{'src': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/3bU-AtShW7Y/maxresdefault.jpg', 'name': 'pan videos', 'url':...
似乎需要某种类型的授权才能与我的Post模型进行交互。我只是不知道如何。我一直在搜索关于如何刮取数据并将数据保存到数据库中的示例。奇怪的是我没遇到过。我能阅读的任何建议提示文档都会有很大的帮助。
我的文件结构
environ\
|-src\
|-blog\
|-migrations\
|-static\
|-templates\
|-templatetags\
|-__init__.py
|-admin.py
|-forms.py
|-models
|-tasks
|-urls
|-views
答案 0 :(得分：6)
您似乎正在尝试在 Python shell 中运行您的任务，因为当您注释掉 Django模型部分时，您的代码可能正常运行。
所以问题是，当运行纯 python shell 时，需要设置 Django ，才能正常运行。当您通过 manage.py shell 运行它时，manage.py会照顾或为您设置它，但是通过python脚本执行它需要手动设置。这是 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 错误的原因。
您似乎也使用了已定义的模型，以便能够将它们导入到python脚本中，您需要将项目的根文件夹的路径添加到当前的python路径。
最后，你需要告诉django 设置文件的位置（在设置你的django之前），在你的manage.py文件中，你应该有这样的东西：
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myapp.settings")
将其设为常量，将其命名为 DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE ，所以您现在拥有：
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE)
现在您需要将常量导入到脚本中并告诉django（通过设置env var）它应该在哪里查找设置文件。
总而言之：import sys, os
sys.path.insert(0, "/path/to/parent/of/src") # /home/projects/my-crawler
from manage import DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE)
import django
django.setup()
... The rest of your script ...
这样你就可以正常安装了。但是如果你想运行芹菜任务，你应该使用.delay()或.apply_async()，以确保代码在后台运行。
我自己的建议是使用 python manage.py shell 运行python shell，这种情况下django会为你处理一切。您只需要导入任务并运行它。
关于存储抓取任务的结果，您既可以在数据库中，也可以在redis中，或者在任何地方（文件，其他Web服务器等等），也可以调用另一个芹菜任务处理结果并将条目传递给它。
只需将其添加到任务代码的末尾即可。
<强> Redis的
from redis import StrictRedis
redis = StrictRedis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
redis.set("scraping:tasks:results:TASK-ID-HERE", json.dumps(entries))
这是保存结果的最简单方法，但您也可以使用Redis lists/maps。
仅供参考，它是如何使用列表进行的
with redis.pipeline() as pipe:
for item in entries:
pipe.rpush("scraping:tasks:results", json.dumps(item))
pipe.execute()
---- 编辑
正如我所提到的，您可以定义另一个芹菜任务来处理当前抓取的结果。所以基本上你有以下内容：
@celery_app.task
def handle_scraping_results(entries):
you do whatever you want with the entries array now
并在你的p_panties任务结束时调用它：
handle_scraping_results.delay(entries)
RabbitMQ在这里做的是将 p_panties 任务中的消息传递给 handle_scraping_results 任务。您需要注意这些不是简单的功能，共享相同的内存地址空间，它们可以位于不同的服务器上的不同进程中！它实际上是芹菜的用途。您无法调用不同进程中的函数。 RabbitMQ来到这里并从进程A（具有任务p_panties）接收消息，并将其传递给进程B（具有任务handle_result）（消息传递是RPC的完美方法）。
你不能在rabbitmq中保存任何东西，它不像redis。我引诱你在celery上阅读更多内容，因为你似乎错误地选择了它。使用芹菜不会解决你的问题，它实际上增加了它（因为它可能在开始时很难理解）。如果您不需要异步处理，只需完全摆脱芹菜。让你的代码成为一个单独的函数，你可以很容易地从python shell或manage.py shell中调用它，就像我上面描述的那样。
--------- 编辑II
您希望每隔几个小时在数据库中保留一次。因此，只要您的任务在某处完成或者结果丢失，您就必须坚持。
您有两个选择
第一种方法很简单，您只需取消注释您在自己的代码中注释的代码即可。 第二种方式需要更多的工作。
正如我告诉你的那样，考虑到你的结果在redis中持久存在，你可以像下面这样定期执行任务来处理为你持久保存的数据。
redis_keys = redis.get("scraping:tasks:results:*")
for key in redis_keys:
value_of_redis_key = redis.get(key)
entries = json.loads(entries)
for entry in entries:
post = Post()
post.title = entry['text']
title = post.title
if not Post.objects.filter(title=title):
post.title = entry['text']
post.name = entry['name']
post.url = entry['url']
post.body = entry['comments']
post.image_url = entry['src']
post.video_path = entry['embed']
post.author = entry['author']
post.video = entry['video']
post.status = 'draft'
post.save()
post.tags.add("video", "Musica")