ES5和ES6中的Angular 2依赖注入

时间:2016-08-09 19:44:42

标签: javascript angular ecmascript-6

这是一个基本的TypeScript / ES.next示例,它使用DI的装饰器,并遵循框架手册建议的语法:

import {Component, Inject, Injectable, NgModule, OpaqueToken} from '@angular/core';
import {BrowserModule} from '@angular/platform-browser';
import {platformBrowserDynamic} from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';

const CONSTANT = { value: 'constant' };
const CONSTANT_TOKEN = new OpaqueToken;
const CONSTANT_PROVIDER = { provide: CONSTANT_TOKEN, useValue: CONSTANT };

@Injectable()
class Service {
  constructor(@Inject(CONSTANT_TOKEN) constant) {
    console.log('Service constructor', constant);
  }
}

@Component({
  selector: 'app',
  template: '...',
  providers: [Service, CONSTANT_PROVIDER]
})
class AppComponent {
  constructor(@Inject(Service) service: Service, @Inject(CONSTANT_TOKEN) constant) {
    console.log('AppComponent constructor', service, constant);    
  }
}

@NgModule({
  imports: [BrowserModule],
  declarations: [AppComponent],
  bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
class AppModule {}

platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule);

如何在ES5中写入?

如何在未传输的 ES6 / ES2015中完成同样的事情?

在这些情况下,InjectableInject装饰器是如何翻译的?

这个问题特别适用于具有类但可能使用requireSystem.import而不是ES6导入的实际ES6浏览器实现。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

要将Angular 2与 ES5 一起使用,您需要以下脚本:

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/2.0.0-beta.3/angular2-all.umd.js"></script>

这提供了一个包含所有Angular 2的全局变量。现在您可以编写ng.core.Component而不是@Component注释。构造函数的第一个参数是注射剂。

var Component = ng.core
  Component({
    selector: 'hello-cmp',
    template: 'Hello World!',
    viewProviders: [Service]
  .Class({
    constructor: [Service, function (service) { 
      ...
    }],
  });

告诉注入器我们的服务参数是Service

的实例
Component.parameters = [[new ng.core.Inject(Service)]];


以下Exapmle显示了使用 ES6 的angular2:

import {Component} from 'angular2/core';
import {Service} from './example.service';

let componentAnnotation = new Component({
  selector: 'world-time',
  inputs: ['timeZones'],
  providers: [Service],
  template: `
    ...
  `
});
export class ComponentExample {
   constructor(service) {
    this._service = service;

   }
...

}

WorldTimeComponent.annotations = [componentAnnotation];
WorldTimeComponent.parameters = [[Service]];

In this plunkr你可以找到一个有效的ES6示例。

但您可以使用 Babel 来使用装饰器。启用optional[]=es7.decorators(在webpack中)或将配置设置为stage:1

答案 1 :(得分:1)

Injectable装饰器特定于Angular 2的TypeScript风格。它允许通过TypeScript类型注释对DI隐式注释类构造函数。它在TS中是多余的,在JS中不需要注入Inject注入的依赖项。

Angular 2注入(类和构造函数)应该用annotationsparameters静态属性注释。

annotations是一个包含注入类new ed装饰器的数组:

function SomeComponent(...) {}
SomeComponent.annotations = [new Componenent(...)];

parameters是一个包含构造函数参数的装饰器的数组,每个元素都是一个数组,其中包含各个构造函数属性的new ed装饰器列表(类似于$inject属性显式注释在Angular 1.x):

function Service(someService, anotherService) {}
Service.parameters = [
  [new Inject(SomeService)],
  [new Inject(AnotherService), new Optional, new SkipSelf]
];

所有类装饰器都从TypeDecorator扩展,这意味着它们可以作为函数调用。在这种情况下,使用所谓的DSL语法,允许使用Class helper function链接装饰器:

var SomeComponent = Componenent(...).Class(...);

Class也可以单独使用,它从给定的definition object构造一个新类,并允许使用数组注释constructor方法(类似于Angular 1.x中的内联数组显式注释) :

var SomeService = Class({
  constructor: [[new Inject(SomeService)], function (someService) {}]
});

Class helper在最新的框架版本中已弃用。它应该被ES5中的原始函数或第三方类助手替换。装饰器支持使用类函数Componenent(...)(ComponentClass)进行直接链接。

Angular 2/4 ES6 System.import

example

Promise.all([
  System.import('@angular/core'),
  System.import('@angular/platform-browser'),
  System.import('@angular/platform-browser-dynamic')
])
.then(([
  {Component, Inject, Injectable, Optional, NgModule, OpaqueToken},
  {BrowserModule},
  {platformBrowserDynamic}
]) => {

  const CONSTANT = { value: 'constant' };
  const CONSTANT_TOKEN = new OpaqueToken;
  const CONSTANT_PROVIDER = { provide: CONSTANT_TOKEN, useValue: CONSTANT };

  class Service {
    constructor(constant) {}
  }
  Service.parameters = [[new Inject(CONSTANT_TOKEN)]];

  class AppComponent {
    constructor(service, constant) {}
  }
  AppComponent.annotations = [new Component({
    selector: 'app',
    template: '...',
    providers: [Service, CONSTANT_PROVIDER]
  })];
  AppComponent.parameters = [[new Inject(Service)], [new Inject(CONSTANT_TOKEN)]];

  class AppModule {}
  AppModule.annotations = [new NgModule({
    imports: [BrowserModule],
    declarations: [AppComponent],
    bootstrap: [AppComponent]
  })];

  platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule);

})
.catch((err) => console.error(err));

带UMD模块的Angular 2/4 ES5和ng全局

example

var Class = ng.core.Class;
var Component = ng.core.Component;
var Inject = ng.core.Inject;
var Injectable = ng.core.Injectable;
var NgModule = ng.core.NgModule;
var OpaqueToken = ng.core.OpaqueToken;

var BrowserModule = ng.platformBrowser.BrowserModule;
var platformBrowserDynamic = ng.platformBrowserDynamic.platformBrowserDynamic;

var CONSTANT = { value: 'constant' };
var CONSTANT_TOKEN = new OpaqueToken;
var CONSTANT_PROVIDER = { provide: CONSTANT_TOKEN, useValue: CONSTANT };

// Class helper function that uses A1-flavoured inline array DI annotations
// and creates an annotated constructor
var Service = Class({
  constructor: [[new Inject(CONSTANT_TOKEN)], function (constant) {
    console.log('Service constructor', constant);
  }]
});
// can also be
// function Service(constant) {};
// Service.parameters = [[new Inject(...)], ...];

// when not being `new`ed, Component is a chainable factory that has Class helper method
var AppComponent = Component({
  selector: 'app', 
  template: '...',
  providers: [Service, CONSTANT_PROVIDER]
})
.Class({
  constructor: [
    [new Inject(Service)],
    [new Inject(CONSTANT_TOKEN)],
    function (service, constant) {
      console.log('AppComponent constructor', service, constant);
    }
  ]
});
// can also be
// function AppComponent(...) {};
// AppComponent.annotations = [new Component(...)];
// AppComponent.parameters = [[new Inject(...)], ...];

var AppModule = NgModule({
  imports: [BrowserModule],
  declarations: [AppComponent],
  bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
.Class({ constructor: function () {} });
// can also be
// function AppModule() {};
// AppModule.annotations = [new NgModule(...)];

platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule);