Question

我一直在Python Docs中研究从XML文件中获取标记名称的方法，但我还不是很成功。使用下面的XML文件，可以获取国家/地区名称标签及其所有关联的子标签。有谁知道这是怎么做的？

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank>1</rank>
        <year>2008</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank>4</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
        <rank>68</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
    </country>
</data>

Answer 1

考虑使用元素树的iterparse()并构建标记和文本对的嵌套列表。条件if逻辑用于将国家/地区项目组合在一起并省略没有文本的元素，然后replace()用于清除换行符和iterparse()拾取的多个空格：< / p>

import xml.etree.ElementTree as et

data = []
for (ev, el) in et.iterparse(path):
    inner = []

    if el.tag == 'country':        
        for name, value in el.items():
            inner.append([el.tag+'-'+name, str(value).replace('\n','').replace(' ','')])
        for i in el:
            if str(i.text) != 'None':
                inner.append([i.tag, str(i.text).replace('\n','').replace(' ','')])

            for name, value in i.items():
                inner.append([i.tag+'-'+name, str(value).replace('\n','').replace(' ','')])
        data.append(inner)

print(data)
# [[['country-name', 'Liechtenstein'], ['rank', '1'], ['year', '2008'], ['gdppc', '141100'], 
#   ['neighbor-name', 'Austria'], ['neighbor-direction', 'E'], 
#   ['neighbor-name', 'Switzerland'], ['neighbor-direction', 'W']]
#  [['country-name', 'Singapore'], ['rank', '4'], ['year', '2011'], ['gdppc', '59900'], 
#   ['neighbor-name', 'Malaysia'], ['neighbor-direction', 'N']]
#  [['country-name', 'Panama'], ['rank', '68'], ['year', '2011'], ['gdppc', '13600'], 
#   ['neighbor-name', 'CostaRica'], ['neighbor-direction', 'W'], 
#   ['neighbor-name', 'Colombia'], ['neighbor-direction', 'E']]]

Answer 2

查看Python的内置XML功能，递归遍历文档并收集集合中的所有标记。

如何使用python获取XML中的所有标签？

2 个答案: