我检查了其他类似的主题,但似乎没有人帮助我。
我正在尝试为这个特定的BST实现编写析构函数。每个节点都包含一个指向父节点的指针,一个指向左节点的指针,一个指向右节点的指针以及指向它包含的值的指针。 这就是课程开头的样子:
#ifndef BST_H
#define BST_H
#include <iostream>
template <typename T>
class BST{
private:
BST<T> *left;
BST<T> *right;
BST<T> *parent;
T *value;
public:
BST() {
this->parent = NULL;
this->left = NULL;
this->right = NULL;
this->value = NULL;
}
~BST() {
removeRecursively(this);
}
void removeRecursively(BST<T>* node) {
if (node->left != NULL)
removeRecursively(node->left);
if (node->right != NULL)
removeRecursively(node->right);
if (node->left == NULL && node->right == NULL) {
if (node->parent->left == node)
node->parent->left = NULL;
if (node->parent->right == node)
node->parent->right = NULL;
node->parent = NULL;
node->value = NULL;
delete node->value;
delete node;
}
}
void add(T value) {
if (this->value == NULL) { // root-only case
this->value = new T;
*(this->value) = value;
}
else {
if (value < *(this->value)) {
if (this->left != NULL) // has left child
this->left->add(value);
else { // has no left child
this->left = new BST<T>;
this->left->value = new T;
this->left->parent = this;
*(this->left->value) = value;
}
}
else {
if (this->right != NULL) // has right child
this->right->add(value);
else { // has no right child
this->right = new BST<T>;
this->right->value = new T;
this->right->parent = this;
*(this->right->value) = value;
}
}
}
}
void inOrderDisplay() {
if (this->left != NULL)
this->left->inOrderDisplay();
std::cout << *(this->value) << " ";
if (this->right != NULL)
this->right->inOrderDisplay();
}
BST<T>* search(T value) {
if (*(this->value) == value)
return this;
else if (this->left != NULL && value < *(this->value))
return this->left->search(value);
else if (this->right != NULL && value > *(this->value))
return this->right->search(value);
else
return NULL;
}
BST<T>* remove(T value) {
BST<T>* node = search(value);
if (node != NULL) {
if (node->left == NULL && node->right == NULL) { // leaf node
delete node->value;
if (node->parent->left == node) // is left child
node->parent->left = NULL;
else // is right child
node->parent->right = NULL;
delete node;
}
// 1 child nodes
if (node->left != NULL && node->right == NULL) { // has left child
if (node->parent->left == node) // is left child
node->parent->left = node->left;
else // is right child
node->parent->right = node->left;
delete node->value;
node->parent = NULL;
delete node;
}
if (node->left == NULL && node->right != NULL) { // has right child
if (node->parent->left == node) // is left child
node->parent->left = node->right;
else // is right child
node->parent->right = node->right;
delete node->value;
node->parent = NULL;
delete node;
}
// 2 children nodes
if (node->left != NULL && node->right != NULL) {
T aux;
BST<T>* auxNode = node->right;
while (auxNode->left != NULL)
auxNode = auxNode->left;
aux = *(auxNode->value);
if (auxNode->right != NULL) {
*(auxNode->value) = *(auxNode->right->value);
auxNode->right->parent = NULL;
auxNode->right->value = NULL;
auxNode->right = NULL;
delete auxNode->right;
}
else {
if (auxNode->parent->left == auxNode) // is left child
auxNode->parent->left = NULL;
else // is right child
auxNode->parent->right = NULL;
auxNode->value = NULL;
delete auxNode;
}
*(node->value) = aux;
}
}
return this;
}
};
#endif // BST_H
BST类使用如下:
BST<int>* root = new BST<int>();
root->add(5);
root->add(2);
root->add(-17);
root->inOrderDisplay();
root->remove(5);
我提到所有方法都正常工作(我决定不发布它们,因为它们不是这个问题的主题)。问题是当我用Valgrind运行我的测试文件时,它会检测到一些内存泄漏,我确信它们是由于缺少正确的析构函数而发生的(上面的一个会产生分段错误)。
编辑:我添加了其他方法的代码
谢谢!
答案 0 :(得分:3)
你的基本设计有点破碎,至少是IMO。也就是说,如果你愿意跳过足够的箍,你可能会让它发挥作用,但即使充其量也可能总是至少有点笨拙。
我首先为树中的节点定义一个单独的类。然后树本身将保存指向树根的指针,并定义树的大部分接口。
template <class T>
class Tree {
struct node {
node *parent;
node *left;
node *right;
T *value;
node(T *value)
: parent(nullptr), left(nullptr), right(nullptr), value(new T(value))
{
}
~node() {
delete(left);
delete(right);
delete(value);
}
} *root;
Tree() : root(nullptr) {}
~Tree() {
delete(root);
}
};
销毁不一定要明确递归。 delete(left)
(例如)将调用左子节点的dtor(如果有的话)并且将为其子节点调用dtor,依此类推。当我们到达一个叶子节点时,我们最终得到(相当于)delete nullptr;
,它被定义为什么都不做,停止递归。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
你应该换行:
node->value = NULL;
delete node->value;
像这样:
delete node->value;
node->value = NULL;
如果您先分配NULL
,则不删除任何内容。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
最难找到的错误是你已经决定不去看的代码中的那些,因为你已经说服自己他们不相关。
无论如何,你的实现有一个明显的问题:在删除了一堆其他的东西之后,你基本上在做什么
class foo
{
~foo() { delete this; }
};
答案 3 :(得分:1)
将RAII与unique_ptr
一起使用可以避免这些问题:
template <typename T>
class BST{
public:
BST() = default;
~BST() = default;
BST(const BST&) = delete;
BST& operator =(const BST&) = delete;
BST(BST&&) = delete;
BST& operator =(BST&&) = delete;
private:
std::unique_ptr<BST<T>> left;
std::unique_ptr<BST<T>> right;
BST<T>* parent = nullptr;
std::unique_ptr<T> value;
};