如何将默认文档根目录（www）和cgi-bin更改为主目录？

时间：2016-07-30 03:59:15

标签： linux apache cgi ubuntu-14.04

我目前正在我的ubuntu 14中用C ++尝试一些CGI编程教程，我已经新安装了apache2（sudo apt-get install apache2）并且安装正确。 http://localhost在var/www/html/和/usr/lib/cgi-bin/中的cgi-bin中返回了一个成功的响应和默认文档根。问题是两个目录都没有写入它的权限，我也不想在这些目录中工作。我想将我的默认文档根目录更改为{/ 1}}和'/ home / user / www / cgi-bin /'中的cgi-bin，因为它可以轻松访问。

搜索返回的this solution以编辑此文件 /home/user/www/html/

我目前的内容是这个

/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

我将默认文档根目录从<VirtualHost *:80> # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless. # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly. #ServerName www.example.com ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www/html # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn, # error, crit, alert, emerg. # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular # modules, e.g. #LogLevel info ssl:warn ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf". #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf </VirtualHost> # vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet 更改为DocumentRoot /var/www/html，并在此处更改了文件DocumentRoot /home/user/www/html [用户是我们的系统用户名]

这

/etc/apache2/apache2.conf

到

<Directory /var/www/>
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

并重新启动服务器<Directory /home/user/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> 。然后我将一个小索引文件（index.html）添加到sudo service apache2 restart 

/home/user/www/html

但是当我尝试通过html <html> <body> hello world </body> </html> 访问时，它返回了403禁止错误。

http://localhost

导致此错误的是什么，现在我该如何更改cgi-bin目录？

编辑1：也尝试了this method但仍无效。

编辑2：我仍然无法解决我的问题所以我在这里提供了/ etc / apache2 / apache2.conf`的内容。

Forbidden

You don't have permission to access / on this server.

Apache/2.4.7 (Ubuntu) Server at localhost Port 80

编辑3：这是apache2的错误日志

  

[core：error] [pid 16536：tid 139636399695616]（13）权限被拒绝：   [client 127.0.0.1:46221] AH00035：访问/拒绝（文件系统路径   '/ home / user / www'）因为缺少搜索权限   路径的组成部分

所以我尝试使用chmod + x，644,755等更改我的目录和文件的权限。

# This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/ for detailed information about # the directives and /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian about Debian specific # hints. # # # Summary of how the Apache 2 configuration works in Debian: # The Apache 2 web server configuration in Debian is quite different to # upstream's suggested way to configure the web server. This is because Debian's # default Apache2 installation attempts to make adding and removing modules, # virtual hosts, and extra configuration directives as flexible as possible, in # order to make automating the changes and administering the server as easy as # possible. # It is split into several files forming the configuration hierarchy outlined # below, all located in the /etc/apache2/ directory: # # /etc/apache2/ # |-- apache2.conf # | `-- ports.conf # |-- mods-enabled # | |-- *.load # | `-- *.conf # |-- conf-enabled # | `-- *.conf # `-- sites-enabled # `-- *.conf # # # * apache2.conf is the main configuration file (this file). It puts the pieces # together by including all remaining configuration files when starting up the # web server. # # * ports.conf is always included from the main configuration file. It is # supposed to determine listening ports for incoming connections which can be # customized anytime. # # * Configuration files in the mods-enabled/, conf-enabled/ and sites-enabled/ # directories contain particular configuration snippets which manage modules, # global configuration fragments, or virtual host configurations, # respectively. # # They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their # respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our # helpers a2enmod/a2dismod, a2ensite/a2dissite and a2enconf/a2disconf. See # their respective man pages for detailed information. # # * The binary is called apache2. Due to the use of environment variables, in # the default configuration, apache2 needs to be started/stopped with # /etc/init.d/apache2 or apache2ctl. Calling /usr/bin/apache2 directly will not # work with the default configuration. # Global configuration # # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network) # mounted filesystem then please read the Mutex documentation (available # at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#mutex>); # you will save yourself a lot of trouble. # # Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path. # #ServerRoot "/etc/apache2" # # The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK. # Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR} default # # PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process # identification number when it starts. # This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars # PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE} # # Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out. # Timeout 300 # # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate. # KeepAlive On # # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance. # MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 # # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the # same client on the same connection. # KeepAliveTimeout 5 # These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars User ${APACHE_RUN_USER} Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP} # # HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses # e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off). # The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people # had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that # each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the # nameserver. # HostnameLookups Off # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # # LogLevel: Control the severity of messages logged to the error_log. # Available values: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn, # error, crit, alert, emerg. # It is also possible to configure the log level for particular modules, e.g. # "LogLevel info ssl:warn" # LogLevel warn # Include module configuration: IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.conf # Include list of ports to listen on Include ports.conf # Sets the default security model of the Apache2 HTTPD server. It does # not allow access to the root filesystem outside of /usr/share and /var/www. # The former is used by web applications packaged in Debian, # the latter may be used for local directories served by the web server. If # your system is serving content from a sub-directory in /srv you must allow # access here, or in any related virtual host. <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Require all denied </Directory> <Directory /usr/share> AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> <Directory /home/user/www/html> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None #AllowOverride All Require all granted </Directory> #<Directory /srv/> # Options Indexes FollowSymLinks # AllowOverride None # Require all granted #</Directory> # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory # for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride # directive. # AccessFileName .htaccess # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <FilesMatch "^\.ht"> Require all denied </FilesMatch> # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive. # # These deviate from the Common Log Format definitions in that they use %O # (the actual bytes sent including headers) instead of %b (the size of the # requested file), because the latter makes it impossible to detect partial # requests. # # Note that the use of %{X-Forwarded-For}i instead of %h is not recommended. # Use mod_remoteip instead. # LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent # Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files, # see README.Debian for details. # Include generic snippets of statements IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf # Include the virtual host configurations: IncludeOptional sites-enabled/*.conf # vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

的结果 
namei -m /home/user/www/html/index.html

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：1)

我正在使用Linux Mint 17.1，这是一个Ubuntu衍生产品。我默认安装了Apache2。在我的/ etc / apache2目录中，我有apache2.conf，其中包含以下指令：

# Include module configuration:
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.conf

所有这一切都告诉Apache2＆＃34;包括＆＃34;在/etc/apache2/mods-enabled目录下的各种文件中找到的配置指令。当我查看mods-enabled目录时，我在/etc/apache2/mods-available/目录中找到了一堆文件符号链接。对于Apache2已被告知加载的每个模块，有两个符号链接：[module].conf和[module].load。

您需要的是启用userdir模块。在我的机器上，我只需在mods-enabled目录中创建/etc/apache2/mods-available/userdir.conf和userdir.load的符号链接，然后重新启动服务器即可。之后，我能够在/ home / user / public_html /中放入一个基本的index.html并浏览http://localhost/~user/以查看它的实际效果。

如果您的apache2没有使用以这种方式加载在不同目录中的模块进行配置，您也可以尝试将userdir指令直接添加到apache2.conf。这是他们在我的机器上包含的内容：

<IfModule mod_userdir.c>
    UserDir public_html
    UserDir disabled root

    <Directory /home/*/public_html>
        AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit Indexes
        Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec
        <Limit GET POST OPTIONS>
            Require all granted
        </Limit>
        <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS>
            Require all denied
        </LimitExcept>
    </Directory>
</IfModule>

您应该了解此配置存在一些安全问题，因此我强烈建议您在此处查看userdir文档：http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/howto/public_html.html

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