如何将pandas数据帧插入数据库中现有的表？

Question

我在pandas中使用sqlalchemy来查询postgres数据库，然后将转换结果插入到同一数据库中的另一个表中。但是，当我这样做 df.to_sql('db_table2', engine)我收到此错误消息： ValueError: Table 'db_table2' already exists.我注意到它想要创建一个新表。如何将pandas数据帧插入到现有的表中？

df = pd.read_sql_query('select * from "db_table1"',con=engine)
#do transformation then save df to db_table2
df.to_sql('db_table2', engine)

ValueError: Table 'db_table2' already exists

Answer 1

使用if_exists参数：

df.to_sql('db_table2', engine, if_exists='replace')

或

df.to_sql('db_table2', engine, if_exists='append')

来自docstring的

：

"""
if_exists : {'fail', 'replace', 'append'}, default 'fail'
    - fail: If table exists, do nothing.
    - replace: If table exists, drop it, recreate it, and insert data.
    - append: If table exists, insert data. Create if does not exist.
"""

Answer 2

  

Python禅宗：

     

显式优于隐式。

df.to_sql(
    name,# Name of SQL table.
    con, # sqlalchemy.engine.Engine or sqlite3.Connection
    schema=None, # Something can't understand yet. just keep it.
    if_exists='fail', # How to behave if the table already exists. You can use 'replace', 'append' to replace it.
    index=True, # It means index of DataFrame will save. Set False to ignore the index of DataFrame.
    index_label=None, # Depend on index. 
    chunksize=None, # Just means chunksize. If DataFrame is big will need this parameter.
    dtype=None, # Set the columns type of sql table.
    method=None, # Unstable. Ignore it.
)

因此，我通常推荐此示例：

df.to_sql(con=engine, name='table_name',if_exists='append', dtype={
    'Column1': String(255),
    'Column2': FLOAT,
    'Column3': INT,
    'createTime': DATETIME},index=False)

手动设置sql表的“主键”（例如ID），并在Navicat或MySQL Workbench中检查增量。

该ID将自动递增。

  

The Docstring of df.to_sql：

Parameters
----------
name : string
    Name of SQL table.
con : sqlalchemy.engine.Engine or sqlite3.Connection
    Using SQLAlchemy makes it possible to use any DB supported by that
    library. Legacy support is provided for sqlite3.Connection objects.
schema : string, optional
    Specify the schema (if database flavor supports this). If None, use
    default schema.
if_exists : {'fail', 'replace', 'append'}, default 'fail'
    How to behave if the table already exists.

    * fail: Raise a ValueError.
    * replace: Drop the table before inserting new values.
    * append: Insert new values to the existing table.

index : bool, default True
    Write DataFrame index as a column. Uses `index_label` as the column
    name in the table.
index_label : string or sequence, default None
    Column label for index column(s). If None is given (default) and
    `index` is True, then the index names are used.
    A sequence should be given if the DataFrame uses MultiIndex.
chunksize : int, optional
    Rows will be written in batches of this size at a time. By default,
    all rows will be written at once.
dtype : dict, optional
    Specifying the datatype for columns. The keys should be the column
    names and the values should be the SQLAlchemy types or strings for
    the sqlite3 legacy mode.
method : {None, 'multi', callable}, default None
    Controls the SQL insertion clause used:

    * None : Uses standard SQL ``INSERT`` clause (one per row).
    * 'multi': Pass multiple values in a single ``INSERT`` clause.
    * callable with signature ``(pd_table, conn, keys, data_iter)``.

    Details and a sample callable implementation can be found in the
    section :ref:`insert method <io.sql.method>`.

    .. versionadded:: 0.24.0

仅此而已。