在python中打印对象/实例名称

时间:2016-07-26 20:09:18

标签: python object

我想知道是否有办法在python中将对象名称打印为字符串。例如,我想能够说ENEMY1剩下2马力或者ENEMY2剩下4马力。有没有办法做到这一点?\

class badguy:
    def __init__(self):
        self.hp = 4

    def attack(self):
        print("hit")
        self.hp -= 1

    def still_alive(self):
        if self.hp <=0:
            print("enemy destroyed")
        else :
            print (str(self.hp) + " hp left")

    # creating objects

    enemy1 = badguy()
    enemy2 = badguy()

    enemy1.attack()
    enemy1.attack()
    enemy1.still_alive()
    enemy2.still_alive()

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

更好的设计原则不依赖于对象的特定名称,如下所示:

class badguy(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

b = badguy()
print b
>>> <__main__.badguy object at 0x7f2089a74e50>  # Not a great name huh? :D

这可能导致一大堆问题带有赋值绑定,引用,最重要的是不允许您按用户程序命名对象选择。

如果要允许在类的范围之外进行访问,请将实例变量添加到名为self._name9.6 Classes - Private Variables)或self.name的类中(在此示例中为,你可以命名任何东西)。这不仅仅是面向对象的设计,而且现在您可以实现像__hash__这样的方法,以便能够基于名称创建哈希,例如使用对象作为键(为什么这个设计选择更好的原因还有很多原因!)。

class badguy(object):
    def __init__(self, name=None):
        self.hp = 4
        self._name = name   

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @name.setter
    def name(self, name):
        self._name = name

    def attack(self):
        print("hit")
        self.hp -= 1

    def still_alive(self):
        if self.hp <=0:
            print("enemy destroyed")
        else :
            print ("{} has {} hp left.".format(self.name, self.hp))

示例输出:

b = badguy('Enemy 1')
print b.name
>>> Enemy 1

b.still_alive()
>>> Enemy 1 has 4 hp left.

b.name = 'Enemy One'  # Changing our object's name.
b.still_alive()
>>> Enemy One has 4 hp left.

答案 1 :(得分:1)

你必须先给他们起名字。 E.g。

class badguy:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.hp = 4
        self.name = name

    def attack(self):
        print("hit")
        self.hp -= 1

    def still_alive(self):
        if self.hp <=0:
            print("enemy destroyed")
        else :
            print (self.name + " has " + str(self.hp) + " hp left")

    # creating objects

    enemy1 = badguy('ENEMY1')
    enemy2 = badguy('ENEMY2')

    enemy1.attack()
    enemy1.attack()
    enemy1.still_alive()
    enemy2.still_alive()

答案 2 :(得分:1)

我在这里发布了一个完整的解决方案:

https://stackoverflow.com/a/49331683/7386061

它没有参数。例如,您可以这样做:

class badguy(RememberInstanceCreationInfo):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.hp = 4

    def attack(self):
        print("hit")
        self.hp -= 1

    def still_alive(self):
        if self.hp <=0:
            print("enemy destroyed")
        else :
            print (self.creation_name + " has " + str(self.hp) + " hp left")

enemy1 = badguy()
enemy2 = badguy()

enemy1.attack()
enemy1.attack()
enemy1.still_alive()
enemy2.still_alive()

out: hit
out: hit
out: enemy1 has 2 hp left
out: enemy2 has 4 hp left