我正在寻找一种在测试失败后和关闭之前拍摄设备屏幕截图的方法。
答案 0 :(得分:14)
我找到最简单的方法:
@Rule
public TestRule watcher = new TestWatcher() {
@Override
protected void failed(Throwable e, Description description) {
// Save to external storage (usually /sdcard/screenshots)
File path = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
+ "/screenshots/" + getTargetContext().getPackageName());
if (!path.exists()) {
path.mkdirs();
}
// Take advantage of UiAutomator screenshot method
UiDevice device = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation());
String filename = description.getClassName() + "-" + description.getMethodName() + ".png";
device.takeScreenshot(new File(path, filename));
}
};
答案 1 :(得分:7)
Another improvement to previous answers. I'm using the experimental Screenshot API
public class ScreenshotTestRule extends TestWatcher {
@Override
protected void failed(Throwable e, Description description) {
super.failed(e, description);
takeScreenshot(description);
}
private void takeScreenshot(Description description) {
String filename = description.getTestClass().getSimpleName() + "-" + description.getMethodName();
ScreenCapture capture = Screenshot.capture();
capture.setName(filename);
capture.setFormat(CompressFormat.PNG);
HashSet<ScreenCaptureProcessor> processors = new HashSet<>();
processors.add(new CustomScreenCaptureProcessor());
try {
capture.process(processors);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
我已创建 CustomScreenCaptureProcessor ,因为BasicScreenCaptureProcessor使用 / sdcard / Pictures / 文件夹,我在创建文件夹/图片时遇到了某些设备上的IOExceptions 。请注意,您需要将处理器放在同一个包中
package android.support.test.runner.screenshot;
public class CustomScreenCaptureProcessor extends BasicScreenCaptureProcessor {
public CustomScreenCaptureProcessor() {
super(
new File(
InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext().getExternalFilesDir(DIRECTORY_PICTURES),
"espresso_screenshots"
)
);
}
}
然后,在您的基础Espresso测试课中添加
@Rule
public ScreenshotTestRule screenshotTestRule = new ScreenshotTestRule();
如果你想使用一些受保护的文件夹,这可以在模拟器上完成,但它不能在物理设备上工作
@Rule
public RuleChain screenshotRule = RuleChain
.outerRule(GrantPermissionRule.grant(permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE))
.around(new ScreenshotTestRule());
答案 2 :(得分:4)
我还没有在我的Android测试中使用屏幕截图,但我知道一些可能有用的解决方案:
最好的方法是使用Emma
或Spoon
框架。
在这里您可以找到一些有用的信息: http://elekslabs.com/2014/05/creating-test-reports-for-android-with-spoon-and-emma.html
另请访问Spoon
官方Github网站:https://github.com/square/spoon及其Gradle插件:https://github.com/stanfy/spoon-gradle-plugin
并查看相关主题:How to get Spoon to take screenshots for Espresso tests?
你也可以试试这个Facebook的图书馆:https://facebook.github.io/screenshot-tests-for-android/
正如我已经知道的那样,使用Robotium
测试框架可以创建带有屏幕截图的测试。检查:Correct way to take screenshot with Robotium and Cucumber
如果您不想使用任何库,请查看名为ScreenshotTaker.java
的Robotium
框架类的源代码[点击链接查看]并编写您自己的ScreenshotTaker
类
希望它会有所帮助。
答案 3 :(得分:2)
编写自定义TestWatcher就像其他答案一样,是必经之路。
但是(花了我们很长时间才注意到),有一个警告:规则可能触发得太晚了,即在您的活动已被销毁之后。这样就为您提供了设备主屏幕的屏幕截图,而不是失败的活动的屏幕截图。
您可以使用RuleChain解决此问题:不用编写
@Rule
public final ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> _activityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);
@Rule
public ScreenshotTestWatcher _screenshotWatcher = new ScreenshotTestWatcher();
您必须写:
private final ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> _activityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);
@Rule
public final TestRule activityAndScreenshotRule = RuleChain
.outerRule(_activityRule)
.around(new ScreenshotTestWatcher());
这可以确保先截取屏幕截图,然后销毁活动
答案 4 :(得分:0)
我对this回答做了一些改进。无需为UiAutomator添加额外的依赖项,它也可以在api级别18以下工作。
public class ScreenshotTestWatcher extends TestWatcher
{
private static Activity currentActivity;
@Override
protected void failed(Throwable e, Description description)
{
Bitmap bitmap;
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
{
bitmap = getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation().takeScreenshot();
}
else
{
// only in-app view-elements are visible.
bitmap = Screenshot.capture(getCurrentActivity()).getBitmap();
}
// Save to external storage '/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/[package name app]/cache/screenshots/'.
File folder = new File(getTargetContext().getExternalCacheDir().getAbsolutePath() + "/screenshots/");
if (!folder.exists())
{
folder.mkdirs();
}
storeBitmap(bitmap, folder.getPath() + "/" + getFileName(description));
}
private String getFileName(Description description)
{
String className = description.getClassName();
String methodName = description.getMethodName();
String dateTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTime().toString();
return className + "-" + methodName + "-" + dateTime + ".png";
}
private void storeBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, String path)
{
BufferedOutputStream out = null;
try
{
out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(path));
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, out);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
if (out != null)
{
try
{
out.close();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
private static Activity getCurrentActivity()
{
getInstrumentation().runOnMainSync(new Runnable()
{
public void run()
{
Collection resumedActivities = ActivityLifecycleMonitorRegistry.getInstance().getActivitiesInStage(
RESUMED);
if (resumedActivities.iterator().hasNext())
{
currentActivity = (Activity) resumedActivities.iterator().next();
}
}
});
return currentActivity;
}
}
然后在测试类中包含以下行:
@Rule
public TestRule watcher = new ScreenshotTestWatcher();
答案 5 :(得分:0)
@Maragues答案移植到Kotlin:
助手类:
package utils
import android.graphics.Bitmap
import android.os.Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES
import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation
import androidx.test.runner.screenshot.BasicScreenCaptureProcessor
import androidx.test.runner.screenshot.ScreenCaptureProcessor
import androidx.test.runner.screenshot.Screenshot
import org.junit.rules.TestWatcher
import org.junit.runner.Description
import java.io.File
import java.io.IOException
class IDTScreenCaptureProcessor : BasicScreenCaptureProcessor() {
init {
mTag = "IDTScreenCaptureProcessor"
mFileNameDelimiter = "-"
mDefaultFilenamePrefix = "Giorgos"
mDefaultScreenshotPath = getNewFilename()
}
private fun getNewFilename(): File? {
val context = getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getApplicationContext()
return context.getExternalFilesDir(DIRECTORY_PICTURES)
}
}
class ScreenshotTestRule : TestWatcher() {
override fun finished(description: Description?) {
super.finished(description)
val className = description?.testClass?.simpleName ?: "NullClassname"
val methodName = description?.methodName ?: "NullMethodName"
val filename = "$className - $methodName"
val capture = Screenshot.capture()
capture.name = filename
capture.format = Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG
val processors = HashSet<ScreenCaptureProcessor>()
processors.add(IDTScreenCaptureProcessor())
try {
capture.process(processors)
} catch (ioException: IOException) {
ioException.printStackTrace()
}
}
}
用法:
import androidx.test.espresso.Espresso.onView
import androidx.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches
import androidx.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isCompletelyDisplayed
import androidx.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText
import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest
import androidx.test.rule.ActivityTestRule
import org.junit.Rule
import org.junit.Test
import org.junit.runner.RunWith
import utils.ScreenshotTestRule
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
@LargeTest
class DialogActivityTest {
@get:Rule
val activityRule = ActivityTestRule(DialogActivity::class.java)
@get:Rule
val screenshotTestRule = ScreenshotTestRule()
@Test
fun dialogLaunch_withTitleAndBody_displaysDialog() {
// setup
val title = "title"
val body = "body"
// assert
onView(withText(title)).check(matches(isCompletelyDisplayed()))
onView(withText(body)).check(matches(isCompletelyDisplayed()))
}
}
在应用的build.gradle
中声明的库:
androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.1.1"
androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.espresso:espresso-intents:3.1.1"
androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.0"
androidTestImplementation "androidx.test:runner:1.1.1"
androidTestImplementation "androidx.test:rules:1.1.1"
此设置会每次保存屏幕截图,一次完成的测试将保存在以下文件夹中:/sdcard/Android/data/your.package.name/files/Pictures
通过Android Studio的设备文件资源管理器(在右侧栏上)导航到那里
如果您只想保存屏幕截图以用于失败的测试,请覆盖failed
的{{1}}方法而不是TestWatcher