目标:我有几行代码,每行都能产生相同类型的错误,并保证同样的响应。如何使用try-except块防止“不要重复”问题。
背景
我使用ReGex从文本文件中抓取格式不佳的数据,并将其输入到自定义对象的字段中。代码工作得很好,除非字段留空,在这种情况下它会抛出错误。
我在try-except块中处理此错误。如果出错,请在对象的字段中插入一个空白(即'')。
问题是它变得易于阅读,很好,Python代码变成了一堆乱七八糟的块,每个块都做同样的事情。这是一个'不要重复自己'(a.k.a.DRY)违规行为。
守则:
之前:
sample.thickness = find_field('Thickness', sample_datum)[0]
sample.max_tension = find_field('Maximum Load', sample_datum)[0]
sample.max_length = find_field('Maximum Extension', sample_datum)[0]
sample.test_type = sample_test
后:
try:
sample.thickness = find_field('Thickness', sample_datum)[0]
except:
sample.thickness = ''
try:
sample.max_tension = find_field('Maximum Load', sample_datum)[0]
except:
sample.max_tension = ''
try:
sample.max_length = find_field('Maximum Extension', sample_datum)[0]
except:
sample.max_length = ''
try:
sample.test_type = sample_test
except:
sample.test_type = ''
我需要的是什么:
是否有一些Pythonic方式来写这个?我可以说,如果这些行中有任何索引超出范围错误(表示该字段为空,ReGex未能返回任何内容),则会在示例字段中插入一个空白。
答案 0 :(得分:6)
如何重构函数呢?
def maybe_find_field(name, datum):
try:
return find_field(name, datum)[0]
except IndexError: # Example of specific exception to catch
return ''
sample.thickness = maybe_find_field('Thickness', sample_datum)
sample.max_tension = maybe_find_field('Maximum Load', sample_datum)
sample.max_length = maybe_find_field('Maximum Extension', sample_datum)
sample.test_type = sample_test
顺便说一句,不要只用except:
捕捉所有可能的例外情况,除非这真的是你想做的事情。捕获所有内容可能会隐藏一些实现错误,以后很难调试。只要有可能,就将except
案例绑定到您需要的特定例外。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
当您发现自己重复代码时,将其封装在一个函数中。在这种情况下,创建一个为您处理异常的函数。
def try_find_field(field_name, datum, default_value):
try:
return find_field(field_name, datum)[0]
except:
return default_value
答案 2 :(得分:0)
您可以反复使用任意数量的except
块,处理不同类型的异常。在同一个try / catch块中有多个语句也没什么问题。
try:
doMyDangerousThing()
except ValueError:
print "ValueError!"
except HurrDurrError:
print "hurr durr, there's an error"
try:
doMyDangerousThing()
doMySecondDangerousThing()
except:
print "Something went wrong!"
答案 3 :(得分:0)
那这样的事情呢?
def exception_handler(exception_class):
logger = logging.getLogger('app_error')
logger.error(exception_class)
exception_name = exception_class.__name__
if exception_name == 'AuthenticationError':
raise AuthenticationError
elif exception_name == 'AuthorizationError':
raise AuthorizationError
elif exception_name == 'ConnectionError':
raise ConnectionError
else:
raise GenericError
def call_external_api()
try:
result = http_request()
except Exception as e:
exception_handler(exception_class=type(e))
答案 4 :(得分:0)
这个问题不太符合要求,但是Google将我发送到这里,所以其他人可能会来。
我在两个单独的Django视图中有post
个函数,它们调用相似的后端函数,并且需要相同的异常处理。
我通过提取整个except:
-树并将其粘贴到装饰器中来解决了这个问题。
之前:
# twice this
def post(request):
try:
return backend_function(request.post)
except ProblemA as e:
return Response("Problem A has occurred, try this to fix it.", status=400)
except ProblemB as e:
return Response("Problem B has occurred, try this to fix it.", status=400)
except ProblemC as e:
return Response("Problem C has occurred, try this to fix it.", status=400)
except ProblemD as e:
return Response("Problem D has occurred, try this to fix it.", status=400)
之后:
# once this
def catch_all_those_pesky_exceptions(original_function):
def decorated(*args, **kwargs):
try:
return original_function(*args, **kwargs)
except ProblemA as e:
return Response("Problem A has occurred, try this to fix it.", status=400)
except ProblemB as e:
return Response("Problem B has occurred, try this to fix it.", status=400)
except ProblemC as e:
return Response("Problem C has occurred, try this to fix it.", status=400)
except ProblemD as e:
return Response("Problem D has occurred, try this to fix it.", status=400)
return decorated
# twice this - note the @decorator matching the above function.
@catch_all_those_pesky_exceptions
def post(request):
return backend_function(request.post)
现在我可以在一个地方添加更多的异常处理。